The Marchioness of Crewe | |
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Born | Margaret Etienne Hannah Primrose 1 January 1881 |
Died | 13 March 1967 86) | (aged
Other names | Peggy Crewe-Milnes |
Spouse | |
Children | Richard Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Madeley Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe |
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Margaret Etienne Hannah Crewe-Milnes, Marchioness of Crewe CI JP known to her friends as Peggy, [1] (1 January 1881 - 13 March 1967), styled as Countess of Crewe from 1899 until 1911; was a Rothschild family heiress, and after the death in 1929 of her father, the former Prime Minister Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, she was said to be the richest woman in England. From 1922 she spent six years in Paris after her husband was made British Ambassador to France. [2]
During World War II she was much involved with organizations to help Free French in Britain, founding the French in Great Britain Fund in 1940. After the war, in June 1946 she was awarded the highest French order of merit, the Knight of the Legion of Honour. She and her husband bought West Horsley Place in Sussex on their return from Paris. [3] She was also decorated with the award of Imperial Order of the Crown of India. [4]
She was one of the first female justices of the peace in London, appointed as a magistrate in 1919 after the passing of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919. [5]
Her mother, Hannah, was the daughter of Baron Mayer de Rothschild and her father was Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery. [6] She was born in The Durdans, Epsom, Surrey, the second of their children, after her older sister, Sybil. She also had two younger brothers, Harry and Neil. She was nine years old when her mother died in 1890 [7]
She married Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, the Earl of Crewe, at Westminster Abbey on 15 April 1899. [4] [8] According to The New York Times , the wedding had "no parallel in recent history, except for the Queen's Jubilee," which they attributed to her father's political career. [9] At her wedding, Crewe-Milnes received a number of rare books as wedding gifts from her guests. [10]
In 1911, Crewe-Milnes had two children: a son, Richard (1911–1922), [11] and a daughter, Mary Crewe-Milnes, who was born in 1915 and married George Innes-Ker, the 9th Duke of Roxburghe, in 1935. [12] [13]
Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian, was a British Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from March 1894 to June 1895. Between the death of his father, in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the 4th Earl of Rosebery, in 1868, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Dalmeny.
Mentmore Towers, historically known simply as "Mentmore", is a 19th-century English country house built between 1852 and 1854 for the Rothschild family in the village of Mentmore in Buckinghamshire. Sir Joseph Paxton and his son-in-law, George Henry Stokes, designed the building in the 19th-century revival of late 16th and early 17th-century Elizabethan and Jacobean styles called Jacobethan. The house was designed for the banker and collector of fine art Baron Mayer de Rothschild as a country home, and as a display case for his collection of fine art. The mansion has been described as one of the greatest houses of the Victorian era. Mentmore was inherited by Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery, née Rothschild, and owned by her descendants, the Earls of Rosebery.
Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe,, known as The Honourable Robert Milnes from 1863 to 1885, The Lord Houghton from 1885 to 1895 and as The Earl of Crewe from 1895 to 1911, was a British Liberal politician, statesman and writer.
Earl of Rosebery is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created in 1703 for Archibald Primrose, 1st Viscount of Rosebery, with remainder to his issue male and female successively. Its name comes from Roseberry Topping, a hill near Archibald's wife's estates in Yorkshire. The current earl is Harry Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery.
Dalmeny House is a Gothic revival mansion located in an estate close to Dalmeny on the Firth of Forth, in the north-west of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was designed by William Wilkins, and completed in 1817. Dalmeny House is the home of the Earl and Countess of Rosebery. The house was the first in Scotland to be built in the Tudor Revival style. It provided more comfortable accommodation than the former ancestral residence, Barnbougle Castle, which still stands close by. Dalmeny today remains a private house, although it is open to the public during the summer months. The house is protected as a category A listed building, while the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery was the daughter of Baron Mayer de Rothschild and his wife Juliana. After inheriting her father's fortune in 1874, she became the richest woman in Britain. In 1878, Hannah de Rothschild married Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, and was thereafter known as the Countess of Rosebery.
Albert Edward Harry Meyer Archibald Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery, 2nd Earl of Midlothian,, styled Lord Dalmeny until 1929, was a British liberal politician who briefly served as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1945. He was the Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1906 to 1910. He became the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian in 1929 and was thus a member of the House of Lords until his death.
Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery,, styled Viscount Primrose until 1814, was a British politician.
Neil Archibald Primrose, 7th Earl of Rosebery, 3rd Earl of Midlothian, DL, styled Lord Primrose between 1931 and 1974, was a Scottish nobleman. He was a member of the House of Lords from 1974 to 1999. He was succeeded by his son Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny.
George Victor Robert John Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe was the son of Henry John Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe and Mary Goelet. He succeeded his father in 1932.
Mary Evelyn Hungerford Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe, born Lady Mary Crewe-Milnes, was a British aristocrat. She was a daughter of Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe, by his marriage to Lady Peggy Primrose, one of the first seven women appointed as magistrates in 1919 following the passing of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919. Her maternal grandparents were Hannah de Rothschild and Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery.
West Horsley is a semi-rural village between Guildford and Leatherhead in Surrey, England. It lies on the A246, and south of the M25 and the A3. Its civil parish ascends to an ancient woodland Sheepleas Woods which are on the northern downslopes of the ridge of hills known as the North Downs in the extreme south of the village, and cover about a tenth of its area, 255 acres (1 km2). The bulk of its land is north of the Surrey Hills AONB; the rest is within it.
Neil James Archibald Primrose was a British Liberal politician and soldier. The second son of Prime Minister Lord Rosebery, he represented Wisbech in parliament from 1910 to 1917 and served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1915 and as joint-Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury from 1916 to 1917. He died from wounds received in action in Palestine in 1917.
Lady Sybil Myra Caroline Grant was a British writer and artist. She was the eldest child of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery and his wife, Hannah de Rothschild.
Mentmore Stud and Crafton Stud were thoroughbred horse breeding operations that were part of the Mentmore Towers estate on the Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire borders, England.
Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, was a British Whig politician.
Lady Helen Cynthia Colville was an English courtier and social worker, serving as a Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Mary, while at the same time devoting her energies to alleviating the suffering of Shoreditch, one of the poorest areas of the East End of London.
Harry Ronald Neil Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery, 4th Earl of Midlothian, styled Lord Dalmeny between 1974 and 2024, known as Harry Dalmeny, is a British aristocrat and the Chairman of Sotheby's in the United Kingdom. A member of the British aristocracy, he is the holder of ten noble titles, including the earldoms of Rosebery and Midlothian, to the Primrose family estate Dalmeny House, and to the chiefship of Clan Primrose. Dalmeny is a Deputy Lieutenant for the county of Midlothian and is a member of the Royal Company of Archers.
West Horsley Place is a Grade I listed building in West Horsley, to the east of Guildford in Surrey, England. There are eight further Grade II buildings on the estate, including two mid-19th-century dog kennels.
Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery KT was a Scottish peer and politician.