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The Indonesian National Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Indonesia. It consists of the Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL), and Air Force (TNI-AU). The President of Indonesia is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. As of 2023, it comprises approximately 400,000 military personnel including the Indonesian Marine Corps, which is a branch of the Navy.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or more commonly known as PETA is an American animal rights organization.
Bogor is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide. The city covers an area of 111.39 km2, and it had a population of 950,334 in the 2010 Census and 1,043,070 in the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at the end of 2023 was 1,127,408. Bogor is an important economic, scientific, cultural, and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort.
Rōmusha (労務者) a.k.a “Japanese Corvée”, is a Japanese language word for "laborer". In English, it usually refers to non-Japanese who were forced to work for the Japanese military during World War II. The U.S. Library of Congress estimates that in Java, between 4 and 10 million rōmusha were forced to work by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies during World War II, many of whom experienced harsh conditions and either died or were stranded far from home. However, the term was not defined precisely by either the Japanese or the Allies and estimates for the total numbers of rōmusha sometimes encompass both the unpaid laborers a.k.a kinrōhōshi, as well as native auxiliary forces, such as troops of the Japanese-allied Indonesian volunteer army Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) and voluntary transmigrants to other islands in Indonesia.
General Gatot Soebroto was an Indonesian general who began his military career with the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose to be deputy Army chief-of-staff.
The Defenders of the Homeland was a volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in the Dutch East Indies by the occupying Japanese. The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces in opposing a possible invasion by the Allies. By the end of World War II, there were a total of 69 battalions in Java and Sumatra. On 17 August 1945, the day after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, the Japanese ordered the PETA daidan to surrender and hand over their weapons, which most of them did. Indonesia's inaugural President, Sukarno, supported the dissolution rather than turn the organisation into a national army as he feared allegations of collaboration had he allowed a Japanese-created militia to continue to exist.
Fransiskus Xaverius Soeprijadi, also known as Supriyadi or Soeprijadi, was an Indonesian national hero who rebelled against the occupying Japanese in 1945.
Persatuan Sepakbola Blitar Kota-Pembela Tanah Air, commonly known as PSBK-PETA or just PSBK, is an Indonesian football club based in Blitar, East Java. They play in Liga 3. Their nicknames are Laskar PETA and Macan Lodro. They play their home match in Gelora Supriyadi Stadium. which is located in downtown Blitar.
The Trisakti shootings, also known as the Trisakti tragedy, took place at Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia on 12 May 1998. At a demonstration demanding President Suharto's resignation, Indonesian Army soldiers opened fire on unarmed protestors. Four students, Elang Mulia Lesmana, Heri Hertanto, Hafidin Royan, and Hendriawan Sie, were killed and dozens more were injured. The shootings triggered a riot and nationwide revolutionary wave, eventually leading to Suharto's resignation.
Major General Professor Moestopo was an Indonesian dentist, freedom fighter, and educator. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia on 10 November 2007.
Sudirman was a high-ranking Indonesian military officer during the Indonesian National Revolution. The first commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, he continues to be widely respected in the country.
Bogor Station (BOO), formerly Buitenzorg Station, is a railway station located in the city of Bogor, West Java. This station serves as the terminus for the Red Line service of KRL Commuterline. The station has five island platforms and two side platforms. The station is located +246 meter above sea level.
Tanah Abang Station (THB) is a railway station located in Kampung Bali, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station located to the east of West Flood Canal, and serves Rangkasbitung and Cikarang Loop lines of KRL Commuterline. The station and the canal are only separated by a small, narrow embankment and as such, Tanah Abang station is prone to flooding, especially during the heavy rain season.
Merdeka 17805 is a 2001 Japanese war film by Yukio Fuji which depicts a Japanese soldier who arrives in the Dutch East Indies during the occupation and stays to fight in the Indonesian National Revolution. The film emphasised the Empire of Japan's role in Indonesia's independence, leading several writers to describe it as propaganda. It was also controversial in Indonesia owing to concerns of historical revisionism, because Japan's occupation of the area is depicted as the Empire protecting it from Western aggression. The film was a financial success in Japan.
The PETA revolt in Blitar was an anti-occupation revolt in present-day Indonesia, which took place on 14 February 1945 by the PETA daidan (battalion) in Blitar. This revolt was widely known as the first major uprising of local armies in Indonesia during the Japanese occupation. The revolt ended unsuccessfully; most of the rebels abandoned the attack, or were captured or killed by the Japanese. Nevertheless, the government of Indonesia acknowledged the revolt as a meaningful revolution.
The People's Security Agency, or commonly abbreviated as BKR, was an Indonesian government agency established to undertake the task of maintaining security together with the people and the state offices. The BKR was formed by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) in its session on 22 August 1945 and announced by President Sukarno on the next day.
Arudji Kartawinata was an Indonesian politician and military officer. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he was the first commander of the 3rd Division, predecessor to the modern Siliwangi Division. Politically, he was initially a member of Masyumi before later re-forming the Indonesian Islamic Union Party. He served as the chairman of the People's Representative Council for three years between 1963 and 1966.
Heiho were native Indonesian units raised by the Imperial Japanese Army during its occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II. Alongside the Heiho, the Japanese organized Giyūgun, such as the Java-based "Defenders of the Homeland". Indonesian youths who joined the Heiho were never given high ranks or positions, contrasted by the young people who were members of PETA or other Giyūgun and often received appointments and promotions. This discrimination carried over into public life, where Heiho members had to salute any Japanese citizen, both civilians and military.
The Jibakutai were suicide attack units formed during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies of World War II. The corps was created on 8 December 1944, coinciding with the third anniversary of the "Greater East Asia War". The Jibakutai numbered c. 50,000 members who received training in Cibarusah, Bogor Regency for two months, supervised by Imperial Japanese Army Captain Yanagawa.
The Hōkōkai were associations formed by the Empire of Japan on 8 January 1944 to replace the Pusat Tenaga Rakyat during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II. The original incarnation of the Hōkōkai was formed on Java by the commander of the Sixteenth Army, General Kumakichi Harada, after the Japanese realized that the Putera had exacerbated the desire for Indonesian independence rather than promote Japan's local interests in its war against the Allies.
References
- 1 2 "Museum Pembela Tanah Air". Indonesia: disparbud.jabarprov.go.id. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ↑ "Mengunjungi Museum PETA, Tempat Soedirman dan Soeharto Dilatih". merdeka.com. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - 1 2 "Museum PETA". Indonesia: kotabogor.go.id. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - 1 2 "Museum PETA (Perjuangan Bogor)". asosiasimuseumindonesia.org . Retrieved 8 May 2014.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher=
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