Penelope Davies | |
---|---|
Known for | Roman architecture |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | University of Cambridge |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University of Texas at Austin |
Penelope Jane Ellis Davies [1] is a Roman archaeologist and art historian. She specialises in the architectural history of ancient Rome. She is a Professor of Art History,Roman Art and Architecture at the University of Texas at Austin. [2]
Davies was educated at the University of Cambridge and Yale University. Her thesis was titled 'Politics and Design:The Funerary Monuments of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius (28 B.C.-A.D. 193)'. [3]
Davies is Professor of Art History,Roman Art and Architecture at the University of Texas. [2] Her 2017 monograph,Architecture and Politics in Republican Rome,is described as "an authoritative account of the inextricable relationship between Roman art and architecture and Roman history". [4] Davies has collaborated on recent editions of Janson's History of Art [5] and Janson's A Basic History of Art. [6] In 2008,Davies was the Hugh Last Fellow at the British School at Rome in 2008. [7] Davies was the winner of the Dallas Museum of Arts’Vasari Award and in 2016 she received the College of Fine Arts Teaching Award. [2]
Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors from the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was a member of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty,the last of the rulers later known as the Five Good Emperors and the last emperor of the Pax Romana,an age of relative peace,calm,and stability for the Roman Empire lasting from 27 BC to 180 AD. He served as Roman consul in 140,145,and 161.
The Severan dynasty,sometimes called the Septimian dynasty,was an Ancient Roman imperial dynasty that ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235,during the Roman imperial period. The dynasty was founded by the emperor Septimius Severus,who rose to power after the Year of the Five Emperors as the victor of the civil war of 193–197,and his wife,Julia Domna. After the short reigns and assassinations of their two sons,Caracalla and Geta,who succeeded their father in the government of the empire,Julia Domna's relatives themselves assumed power by raising Elagabalus and then Severus Alexander to the imperial office.
Commodus was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 until his assassination in 192. For the first three years of his reign he was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius. Commodus' sole rule,starting with the death of Aurelius in 180,is commonly thought to mark the end of a golden age of peace and prosperity in the history of the Roman Empire.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus,better known by his nickname Caracalla,was Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD. He was a member of the Severan dynasty,the elder son of Emperor Septimius Severus and Empress Julia Domna. Proclaimed co-ruler by his father in 198,he reigned jointly with his brother Geta,co-emperor from 209,after their father's death in 211. His brother was murdered by the Praetorian Guard later that year under orders from Caracalla,who then reigned afterwards as sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Caracalla found administration to be mundane,leaving those responsibilities to his mother. Caracalla's reign featured domestic instability and external invasions by the Germanic peoples.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient Rome:
Publius Helvius Pertinax was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193. He succeeded Commodus to become the first emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.
Trajan's Column is a Roman triumphal column in Rome,Italy,that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. It was probably constructed under the supervision of the architect Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Roman Senate. It is located in Trajan's Forum,north of the Roman Forum. Completed in AD 113,the freestanding column is most famous for its spiral bas relief,which depicts the wars between the Romans and Dacians. Its design has inspired numerous victory columns,both ancient and modern.
In modern historiography,ancient Rome encompasses the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC,the Roman Kingdom,Roman Republic,Roman Empire,and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
The art of Ancient Rome,and the territories of its Republic and later Empire,includes architecture,painting,sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work,gem engraving,ivory carvings,and glass are sometimes considered to be minor forms of Roman art,although they were not considered as such at the time. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art by Romans,but figure painting was also highly regarded. A very large body of sculpture has survived from about the 1st century BC onward,though very little from before,but very little painting remains,and probably nothing that a contemporary would have considered to be of the highest quality.
The study of Roman sculpture is complicated by its relation to Greek sculpture. Many examples of even the most famous Greek sculptures,such as the Apollo Belvedere and Barberini Faun,are known only from Roman Imperial or Hellenistic "copies". At one time,this imitation was taken by art historians as indicating a narrowness of the Roman artistic imagination,but,in the late 20th century,Roman art began to be reevaluated on its own terms:some impressions of the nature of Greek sculpture may in fact be based on Roman artistry.
The Column of Marcus Aurelius is a Roman victory column in Piazza Colonna,Rome,Italy. It is a Doric column featuring a spiral relief:it was built in honour of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius and modeled on Trajan's Column. The Imperial Monument is dedicated to the former emperor of Rome and his war effort in the Barbarian wars of his reign as Caesar of Rome from 161-180 AD. Standing as a testament to Aurelius' military achievements,it offers a visual narrative of his campaigns against Germanic tribes along the Danube River. Though there aren’t many direct sources from the time of reign of Marcus Aurelius,the monument itself can tell us a great deal about the Romans in the creation of the monument and the scenes from it. The column of Marcus Aurelius is a depiction of Roman life during the reign of Marcus Aurelius;the monument not only tells us the reason it was built but the importance this emperor had on society and the respect he had earned. Based on common understanding of Roman life and the belief that citizens felt a duty toward public service,the benevolence of Marcus Aurelius was such that this monument was erected in his memory and preserved for its grandeur and representation. The monument contains a frieze,which depicts the Northern Germanic campaigns of Marcus Aurelius’and his war with the Barbarians. The Romans called these wars North of the Danube,Bellum Germanicum or bellum Marcomannicum. Though the monument is more likely a monument for military achievement,it’s also considered a funerary monument,since the planning and erection of the monument happened around the same time as the death of Marcus Aurelius. The monument was said to either begin at the end of the wars in 176AD and he died in 180AD,the monument finished construction in 193AD.
The Column of Antoninus Pius is a Roman honorific column in Rome,Italy,devoted in AD 161 to the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius,in the Campus Martius,on the edge of the hill now known as Monte Citorio,and set up by his successors,the co-emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
In ancient Rome the Latin word adlocutio means an address given by a general,usually the emperor,to his massed army and legions,and a general form of Roman salute from the army to their leader. The research of adlocutio focuses on the art of statuary and coinage aspects. It is often portrayed in sculpture,either simply as a single,life-size contrapposto figure of the general with his arm outstretched,or a relief scene of the general on a podium addressing the army. Such relief scenes also frequently appear on imperial coinage.
The history of the constitution of the Roman Empire begins with the establishment of the Principate in 27 BC and is considered to conclude with the abolition of that constitutional structure in favour of the Dominate at Diocletian's accession in AD 284.
Augustus was the main title of the Roman emperors during Antiquity. It was given as both name and title to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus in 27 BC,marking his accession as Rome's first emperor. On his death,it became an official title of his successor,and was so used by all emperors thereafter. The feminine form Augusta was used for Roman empresses and other female members of the imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic,in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman religion. Their use as titles for major and minor Roman deities of the Empire associated the imperial system and family with traditional Roman virtues and the divine will and may be considered a feature of the Roman imperial cult.
Avidia was a well-connected noble Roman woman. She is among the lesser known members of the ruling Nerva–Antonine dynasty of the Roman Empire.
Augustan literature refers to the pieces of Latin literature that were written during the reign of Caesar Augustus,the first Roman emperor. In literary histories of the first part of the 20th century and earlier,Augustan literature was regarded along with that of the Late Republic as constituting the Golden Age of Latin literature,a period of stylistic classicism.
The Alta Semita was a street in ancient Rome that gave its name to one of the 14 regions of Augustan Rome.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)