Percent for art

Last updated

The term percent for art refers to a program, often a city ordinance, where a fee, usually some percentage of the project cost, is placed on large scale development projects in order to fund and install public art. The details of such programs vary from area to area. Percent for art programs are used to fund public art where private or specialized funding of public art is unavailable. Similar programs, such as "art in public places", attempt to achieve similar goals by requiring that public art be part of a project, yet they often allow developers to pay in-lieu fees to a public art fund as an alternative.

Contents

History

Europe

In 1965, the government of Czechoslovakia adopted a resolution which ordered that 1-4 % of the budget of the entire building be dedicated to its artistic beautification in the form of permanent placement of works of art. Buildings with a lower budget had to set aside up to 4.2 % for art, buildings with a budget over 200,000 Czechoslovak crowns only 0.6 %. However, this volume was not final – the overall calculation of how much to allocate to art was subject to a more complex calculation that considered, for example, coefficients of social importance or the architectural complexity of the building. [1] The resolution entered into force at the beginning of 1966 [2] and was valid until 1992. For example, from 1972 to 1989, this system secured over 16,500 works placed in architecture. [3] Since there was almost no private ownership in the years 1966 to 1989, the vast majority of art in architecture was placed within this resolution.

In Finland, the percent for art principle was first introduced as an official government policy in connection with the construction of the Finnish Parliament building in the early 1930s, though it was not implemented until 1939. In 1956 the government extended the principle to all public buildings, and during the 1960s individual municipalities also drew up their own schemes. In 1981 the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, an advocate for all Finnish municipalities and regions, recommended extending the principle to all aspects of the urban environment. In 1991 the City of Helsinki became the first city to adopt the policy for all building projects, which led to a vast growth in urban art, even within suburban areas. In 2015 the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture funded a handbook available to the sponsors of public art work under the title "The Handbook of the Percent For Art Principle in Finland", which is also published in English. [4]

In France, one percent of the cost of all public works must be allocated to commissioning a work of art since 1951.

In Germany, in 2006, the federal government, as the building owner, issued updated guidelines for the implementation of federal buildings and formulated a fixed share of 0.5 to 1.5% of the construction costs, depending on the construction cost class. [5]

In Ireland, one percent of the cost of all public works can be allocated to commissioning a work of art. The scheme was introduced in 1978, and extended to all government departments in 1997. [6] [7] Percent for Art is also promoted for construction and infrastructure projects in Northern Ireland. [8]

United States

From 1934 to 1943, the Section of Painting and Sculpture in the United States Department of the Treasury followed a policy requiring one percent of the cost of federal buildings to be applied toward art and decoration. In 1959, Philadelphia adopted the first such municipal ordinance in the United States. [9] Other jurisdictions followed suit, including Baltimore in 1964, San Francisco and Hawaii in 1967, and Seattle in 1973. [10] [11] [12]

More than half of the states now maintain percent-for-art programs. [13] On the federal level, since 1963 the General Services Administration has maintained the Art in Architecture Program, which allocates one-half of one percent of construction cost for art projects. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Works Progress Administration</span> U.S. government program of the 1930s and 1940s

The Works Progress Administration was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. It was set up on May 6, 1935, by presidential order, as a key part of the Second New Deal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public housing</span> Residential properties owned by a government

Public housing, also known as social housing, refers to affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government, central government, nonprofit organizations or a combination thereof. The details, terminology, definitions of poverty, and other criteria for allocation may vary within different contexts, but the right to rent such a home is generally rationed through some form of means-testing or through administrative measures of housing needs. One can regard social housing as a potential remedy for housing inequality. Within the OECD, social housing represents an average of 7% of national housing stock (2020), ranging from ~34% in the Netherlands to less than 1% in Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</span> Cultural center in Washington, D.C.

The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is the national cultural center of the United States, located on the eastern bank of the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. It was named in 1964 as a memorial to assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Opened on September 8, 1971, the center hosts many different genres of performance art, such as theater, dance, classical music, jazz, pop, psychedelic, and folk music. It is the official residence of the National Symphony Orchestra and the Washington National Opera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations</span>

The United States Department of State Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO) is responsible for overseeing the construction, management, and operations of U.S. diplomatic facilities around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Triangle</span> Collection of buildings in Washington, D.C.

Federal Triangle is a triangular area in Washington, D.C., formed by 15th Street NW, Constitution Avenue NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, and E Street NW. Federal Triangle is occupied by 10 large city and federal office buildings, all of which are part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site. Seven of the buildings in Federal Triangle were built by the U.S. federal government in the early and mid-1930s as part of a coordinated construction plan that has been called "one of the greatest building projects ever undertaken" and all seven buildings are now designated as architecturally historic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. Edgar Hoover Building</span> FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C.

The J. Edgar Hoover Building is a low-rise office building located at 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It is the headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific Northwest College of Art</span> Art school at Willamette University

The Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) is an art school of Willamette University and is located in Portland, Oregon. Established in 1909, the art school grants Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees and graduate degrees including the Master of Fine Arts (MFA) and Master of Arts (MA) degrees. It has an enrollment of about 500 students. The college merged with Willamette University in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Davies Square</span> City hall of Greater Sudbury, Ontario

Tom Davies Square is the city hall of Greater Sudbury, Ontario.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public Works of Art Project</span> American New Deal work-relief project (1933–1934)

The Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was a New Deal work-relief program that employed professional artists to create sculptures, paintings, crafts and design for public buildings and parks during the Great Depression in the United States. The program operated from December 8, 1933, to May 20, 1934, administered by Edward Bruce under the United States Treasury Department, with funding from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse</span> Federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon, U.S.

The Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse is a federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon. It is named in honor of former U.S. Senator Mark O. Hatfield. It is used by the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knight Library</span> United States historic place

Knight Library is the main facility of the University of Oregon's (UO) library system. It is located on the university's campus in Eugene, Oregon, United States. The library design is emblematic of the architecture of the university's older buildings, and it serves as a hub of student activity. As of 2008 it has a collection of more than 3 million volumes. The library also holds collections of primary sources such as photographs and manuscripts on various topics at the Special Collections & University Archives. It is also a depository for the Federal Depository Library Program. The library was previously known as the Main Library and it was renamed the Knight Library in 1988, in honor of the family of Phil Knight.

The San Francisco Arts Commission (SFAC) is the City agency that champions the arts as essential to daily life by investing in a vibrant arts community, enlivening the urban environment and shaping innovative cultural policy in San Francisco, California. The commission oversees Civic Design Review, Community Investments, Public Art, SFAC Galleries, The Civic Art Collection, and the Art Vendor Program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Texas constitutional amendment election</span>

The 2007 Texas constitutional amendment election took place 6 November 2007.

<i>Inversion: Plus Minus</i> Pair of sculptures in Portland, Oregon

Inversion: Plus Minus is a pair of outdoor sculptures designed by artists and architects Annie Han and Daniel Mihalyo, located in southeast Portland, Oregon. The sculptures, constructed from weathered steel angle iron, are sited near the Morrison Bridge and Hawthorne Bridge along Southeast Grand Avenue and represent "ghosts" of former buildings. The installation on Belmont Street emphasizes "negative space" while the sculpture on Hawthorne Street appears as a more solid matrix of metal. According to the artists, the works are reminiscent of industrial buildings that existed on the project sites historically. Inversion was funded by the two percent for art ordinance as part of the expansion of the Eastside Portland Streetcar line and is managed by the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nirbhaya Fund</span>

Nirbhaya Fund was a ₹1000 crore corpus announced by Government of India in its 2013 Union Budget, in the aftermath of the 2012 Delhi gang rape. The Finance Minister P. Chidambaram announced the fund to support initiatives protecting the dignity and ensuring safety of women in India. Nirbhaya (transl. fearless) was the pseudonym given to the 2012 Delhi gang rape victim. The Ministry of Women and Child Development and several other ministries decided the application of the fund. One of its uses was to open One Stop Centers to support women who are victims of violence.

Public plans for energy efficient refurbishment are put in place by states to encourage building owners to renovate their properties in a way that increases their energy performance. As financing represents the most important obstacle to this type of renovation, the plans favour financial incentives in the form of loans or grants. Various institutions can be involved in the process, such as ministries, banks, firms, or energy services companies (ESCOs).

<i>Echo Gate</i> Sculpture in Portland, Oregon

Echo Gate is an outdoor 2001 sculpture by Ean Eldred and the architectural firm Rigga, located along the Eastbank Esplanade in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was funded by the City of Portland Development Commission's Percent for Art program, and is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Affordable housing by country</span>

Affordable housing is housing that is deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. A general rule is no more than 30% of gross monthly income should be spent on housing, to be considered affordable as the challenges of promoting affordable housing varies by location.

<i>Amaptocare</i> Area-wide public art tree-planting project, Ballymun, northern Dublin, Ireland

amaptocare is a large-scale public art work, in the form of a participative sponsored tree-planting project in Ballymun on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland. Proposed by German conceptual artist Jochen Gerz and commissioned by Breaking Ground on behalf of Dublin City Council's Ballymun Regeneration Limited as a percent for art scheme, it involved planting semi-mature trees in each neighbourhood of Ballymun, each with a personal comment from its sponsor inscribed on a nearby metal and ceramic lectern. Over 630 trees from a choice of 15 mostly native varieties were sponsored, most by locals and other Dubliners, and 620 were planted by 2006.

Art in Architecture, a program of the General Services Administration, oversees the creation of art in American federal buildings that launched in 1962. The art commissioned and selected is funded through the reserving of half a percent of the projected construction costs. As of 1982, the program had funded 250 works at a cost of US$8,600,000.

References

  1. ↑ Bartlová, Milena; Karous, Pavel; Zikmund-Lender, Ladislav; Žáčková, Markéta; Kohout, Martin; Vladimir 518 (2019-01-01). Karous, Pavel (ed.). Hotel Praha (in Czech). Bigg Boss, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague, Gallery of fine arts in Cheb. ISBN   978-80-906817-9-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ "Usnesení o řešení otázek uplatnění výtvarného umění v investiční výstavbě". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  3. ↑ Lochman, Jan (2023-11-17). Database of the Collaboration between an artist and an architect (Report). [object Object]. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10149619.
  4. ↑ "The Handbook of the Percent For Art Principle in Finland" (PDF). Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Leitfaden Kunst am Bau" (PDF). fib-bund.de. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  6. ↑ "Per Cent for Art Scheme". publicart.ie. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  7. ↑ "PUBLIC ART: PER CENT FOR ART SCHEME GENERAL NATIONAL GUIDELINES" (PDF). publicart.ie. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Department of Finance (Northern Ireland), Procurement Guidance Note PGN 01/17 (as amended), Art in Government Construction Projects, p. 9, reissued 4 April 2019, archived on 23 January 2022, accessed 12 March 2023
  9. ↑ Lloyd M. Abernethy (1988). Benton Spruance, the Artist and the Man. Associated University Presses. pp. 118–119. ISBN   978-0-87982-517-1.
  10. ↑ Alan J. Stein (October 18, 2013). "Seattle's 1 Percent for Art Program". HistoryLink .
  11. ↑ Tom Finkelpearl; Vito Acconci (January 2001). Dialogues in Public Art. MIT Press. pp. 20–21 & passim. ISBN   978-0-262-56148-8.
  12. ↑ Roger L. Kemp (29 October 2004). Cities and the Arts: A Handbook for Renewal. McFarland. pp. 13–15. ISBN   978-0-7864-2007-0.
  13. ↑ "State Percent for Art Programs". National Association of State Arts Agencies. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
  14. ↑ "Art in Architecture Program". General Services Administration . Archived from the original on 2015-07-04. Retrieved 2015-07-03.

Programs:

Australia

Canada

United Kingdom

United States

Digital collections:

Publications:

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.