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The Perikatan Perempuan Indonesia (PPI) (Indonesian Women Association) was a women's organization in Indonesia, founded in 1928. It changed its name to Persatuan Perkumpulan Istri Indonesia (PPII) (Federation of Indonesian Wives/Women's Association) in 1929. [1] It was the first national organization for women in Indonesia.
The women's movement in Indonesia started to organize in the form of women's branches associated with the independence movement groups in the 1910s.
On 22–25 December 1928 the first women's conference in Indonesia was held in Yogjakarta, during which thirty smaller women's groups united to form the umbrella organization PPI, which was considered a major milestone in the development of the women's movement in Indonesia. [1]
One of the biggest issues engaging the women's movement was the question of male polygamy. This however caused a split between secular and religious fractions of the PPI, since the religious did not want to criticise the custom. The movement managed to keep its unity by a focus on the independence struggle, which was a shared goal.
During the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945), all women's associations were dissolved and replaced by the mandatory Japanese state women's association Fujinkai, which mobilised women for war work. After the war, the re-established women's movement united in the umbrella organization KOWANI in 1946 to participate in the struggle for independence. Women were given suffrage and basic equal rights with men in the constitution of the new nation of Indonesia upon its independence in 1949. [1]
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. At the beginning of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vote, increasing the number of those parties' potential constituencies. National and international organizations formed to coordinate efforts towards women voting, especially the International Woman Suffrage Alliance.
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Greater Indonesia was an irredentist political concept that sought to bring the so-called Malay race together, by uniting the territories of the Dutch East Indies with British Malaya and British Borneo. It was espoused by students and graduates of Sultan Idris Training College for Malay Teachers in the late 1920s, and individuals from Sumatra and Java, including Mohammad Natsir and Sukarno, on 28 September 1950. Indonesia Raya was adopted as the name of what later became the Indonesian national anthem in 1924.
The Indonesian Political Federation was an umbrella organization of various nationalist organizations in the Dutch East Indies which existed from 1939 to 1942. Founded to unite the nationalist movement, GAPI championed the creation of an Indonesian parliament in exchange for cooperation with the Dutch colonial government. The federation consisted of eight political parties. GAPI was dissolved shortly after the invasion of the colony by the Empire of Japan in 1942.
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Perhimpoenan Indonesia or PI was an Indonesian student association in the Netherlands in the first half of the twentieth century. It was established under the Dutch name Indische Vereeniging. It later changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging in 1922, and its Malay translation Perhimpoenan Indonesia in 1925. Although small in membership numbers – throughout the period between 30 and 150 members – the organization was important because it was one of the first to campaign for full Indonesian independence from the Netherlands, and because many PI-students would later acquire prominent political positions in the independent state of Indonesia.
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