| Periorbital dermatitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Periocular dermatitis [1] |
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| Periorbital dermatitis | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Periorbital dermatitis is a skin condition, a variant of perioral dermatitis, occurring on the lower eyelids and skin adjacent to the upper and lower eyelids. [2]
Dermatitis is a group of diseases that result in inflammation of the skin. These diseases are characterized by itchiness, red skin and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body.
A sebaceous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest number on the face and scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a special type of sebum into tears. Surrounding the female nipple, areolar glands are specialized sebaceous glands for lubricating the nipple. Fordyce spots are benign, visible, sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums and inner cheeks, and genitals.
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder.
Stasis dermatitis refers to the skin changes that occur in the leg as a result of "stasis" or blood pooling from insufficient venous return; the alternative name of varicose eczema comes from a common cause of this being varicose veins.
Perioral dermatitis, also known as periorificial dermatitis, is a common type of skin rash. Symptoms include multiple small (1–2 mm) bumps and blisters sometimes with background redness and scale, localized to the skin around the mouth and nostrils. Less commonly the eyes and genitalia may be involved. It can be persistent or recurring and resembles particularly rosacea and to some extent acne and allergic dermatitis. The term "dermatitis" is a misnomer because this is not an eczematous process.
Alclometasone is a synthetic corticosteroid for topical dermatologic use, possessing anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties.
Cheilitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lips. According to its onset and course, cheilitis can be either acute or chronic. Most cheilitis is caused by acute sun exposure. Allergic tests may identify allergens that cause cheilitis.
The vermilion border, also called margin or zone, is the normally sharp demarcation between the lip and the adjacent normal skin. It is where lipstick is sometimes applied. It represents the change in the epidermis from highly keratinized external skin to less keratinized internal skin. It has no sebaceous glands, sweat glands, or facial hair.
Hidrocystoma is an adenoma of the sweat glands.
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin condition, characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid that is intensely itchy. DH is a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease. DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus: the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes.
Acneiform eruptions are a group of dermatoses including acne vulgaris, rosacea, folliculitis, and perioral dermatitis. Restated, acneiform eruptions are follicular eruptions characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne. The hybrid term acneiform, literally, refers to an appearance similar to acne.
A Dennie–Morgan fold, also known as a Dennie–Morgan line or an infraorbital fold, is a fold or line in the skin below the lower eyelid. It can simply be an ethnic/genetic trait, but was found in one study to occur in 25% of patients with atopic dermatitis. The presence of Dennie–Morgan folds can be used as a diagnostic marker for allergy with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 76% according to one study.
Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows. The term "madarosis" is Greek for the word "madao" which means "to fall off." It originally was a disease of only losing eyelashes but it currently is the loss of both eyelashes and eyebrows. Eyebrows and eyelashes are both important in the prevention of bacteria and other foreign objects from entering the eye. A majority of patients with madarosis have leprosy, and it was reported that 76% of patients with varying types of leprosy had madarosis.
Topical steroids are the topical forms of corticosteroids. Topical steroids are the most commonly prescribed topical medications for the treatment of rash, eczema, and dermatitis. Topical steroids have anti-inflammatory properties, and are classified based on their skin vasoconstrictive abilities. There are numerous topical steroid products. All the preparations in each class have the same anti-inflammatory properties, but essentially differ in base and price.
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , also known as acne agminata, is a disease with a similar appearance to acne vulgaris. The cause of LMDF is unknown.
Eyelid dermatitis is commonly related to atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. Volatile substances, tosylamide, epoxy hardeners, insect sprays, and lemon peel oil may be implicated, with many cases of eyelid contact dermatitis being caused by substances transferred by the hands to the eyelids.
Periorbital hyperpigmentation is characterized by dark circles around the eyes, which are common, often familial, and frequently found in individuals with dark pigmentation or Mediterranean ancestry. Atopic dermatitis patients may also exhibit periorbital pigmentation due to lower eyelid venous stasis, and treatment is ineffective.
Benign cephalic histiocytosis not to be confused with "Neonatal cephalic pustulosis" is a rare skin condition affecting boys and girls equally, characterized by skin lesions that initially present on the head in all cases, often the cheeks, eyelids, forehead, and ears.
Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD), is a rare benign granulomatous skin disease of unknown cause. The disorder was first described in 1970 by Gianotti in a case series of five children. CGPD is more common in boys than girls.
Lip licker's dermatitis, also called irritant contact cheilitis, is a type of skin inflammation around the lips due to saliva from repetitive lip licking. The resulting scaling, redness, chapping and crusting make a well-defined ring around the lips. The rash may extend as far as the tongue can reach and frequently spares the angle of the mouth.
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