Peter Sarnow | |
|---|---|
 Sarnow in 2021 | |
| Born | Konstanz, Germany |
| Spouse | Karla Kirkegaard |
| Academic background | |
| Education | MS, 1979, University of Konstanz PhD, Microbiology, 1982, Stony Brook University |
| Thesis | Characterization of the early Adenovirus type 5 antigens (1982) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Stanford University University of Colorado |
Hans-Peter Sarnow is a German virologist. He is a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University.
Sarnow was born and raised in Konstanz,Germany. [1] He completed his Master's degree at the University of Konstanz in 1979 before moving to the United States for his PhD at Stony Brook University. Upon earning his doctorate degree in 1982,Sarnow completed his postdoctoral research with David Baltimore at the Whitehead Institute. [2]
Following his postdoctoral research,Sarnow became an assistant professor of molecular biology at the University of Colorado from 1986 until 1991. [2] Early into his tenure,he discovered internal ribosome entry sites in cellular mRNAs and established a program to examine mRNA-ribosome interactions in mammalian cells. [3] He moved up the ranks at the institution before ultimately leaving in 1996 to join the faculty at Stanford University. [2] During his early tenure at Stanford,Sarnow and his research team identified miR-122 as a necessary mechanism to cause the hepatitis C virus uses to replicate and grow. [4] He was also appointed an editor of the Virology Journal and elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2010,Sarnow was appointed chair of microbiology and immunology at Stanford. [5]
Prior to being replaced as department chair by David Schneider, [6] Sarnow also became a member of Stanford Bio-X,the Stanford Maternal Child Health Research Institute,and the Stanford Cancer Institute. In 2020,he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. [7]
Sarnow is married to Karla Kirkegaard. [1]
An RNA virus is a virus—other than a retrovirus—that has ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material. The nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) but it may be double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include the common cold,influenza,SARS,MERS,COVID-19,Dengue Virus,hepatitis C,hepatitis E,West Nile fever,Ebola virus disease,rabies,polio,mumps,and measles.
David Baltimore is an American biologist,university administrator,and 1975 Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He is a professor of biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech),where he served as president from 1997 to 2006. He founded the Whitehead Institute and directed it from 1982 to 1990. In 2008,he served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2008.
Ribosome shunting is a mechanism of translation initiation in which ribosomes bypass,or "shunt over",parts of the 5' untranslated region to reach the start codon. However,a benefit of ribosomal shunting is that it can translate backwards allowing more information to be stored than usual in an mRNA molecule. Some viral RNAs have been shown to use ribosome shunting as a more efficient form of translation during certain stages of viral life cycle or when translation initiation factors are scarce. Some viruses known to use this mechanism include adenovirus,Sendai virus,human papillomavirus,duck hepatitis B pararetrovirus,rice tungro bacilliform viruses,and cauliflower mosaic virus. In these viruses the ribosome is directly translocated from the upstream initiation complex to the start codon (AUG) without the need to unwind RNA secondary structures.
Thomas Eugene Shenk is an American virologist. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Life Sciences in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University.
This family represents the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis A virus. HAV IRES is a 450 nucleotide long sequence located in the 735 nt long 5’UTR of Hepatitis A viral RNA genome. IRES elements allow cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 40S pre-initiation complex directly to the initiation codon and eliminates the requirement for eukaryotic initiation factor,eIF4F.
Vincent R. Racaniello is a Higgins Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. He is a co-author of a textbook on virology,Principles of Virology.
The history of virology –the scientific study of viruses and the infections they cause –began in the closing years of the 19th century. Although Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur developed the first vaccines to protect against viral infections,they did not know that viruses existed. The first evidence of the existence of viruses came from experiments with filters that had pores small enough to retain bacteria. In 1892,Dmitri Ivanovsky used one of these filters to show that sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants despite having been filtered. Martinus Beijerinck called the filtered,infectious substance a "virus" and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology.
miR-122 is a miRNA that is conserved among vertebrate species. miR-122 is not present in invertebrates,and no close paralogs of miR-122 have been detected. miR-122 is highly expressed in the liver,where it has been implicated as a regulator of fatty-acid metabolism in mouse studies. Reduced miR-122 levels are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. miR-122 also plays an important positive role in the regulation of hepatitis C virus replication.
Diane Edmund Griffin is the university distinguished professor and a professor in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,where she was the department chair from 1994-2015. She is also the current vice-president of the National Academy of Sciences. She holds joint appointments in the departments of Neurology and Medicine. In 2004,Griffin was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the discipline of microbial biology.
Ann M. Arvin is an American pediatrician and microbiologist. She is the Lucile Salter Packard Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Microbiology &Immunology Emerita at Stanford University. Arvin is a specialist of the Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and a prominent national figure in health. Arvin is currently the chief of the infectious diseases division of pediatrics at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital,as well as the former Stanford's Vice Provost and Dean of Research.
Saffold virus (SAFV) is a single-stranded RNA human virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Discovered in 2007,it is the first human virus in the genus Cardiovirus and may provide a link to the development of multiple sclerosis or other serious diseases in humans.
Ekkehard Karl Friedrich Bautz is a molecular biologist and chair of the Institute of Molecular Genetics at the University of Heidelberg.
Eva Henriette Gottwein is a virologist and Associate Professor of Microbiology-Immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago,Illinois. The main focus of her research is the role of viral miRNAs involved in herpesviral oncogenesis. Gottwein is member of Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University. Her contributions as a member include the focus on how encoded miRNAs target and function in the human oncogenic herpesvirus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus known as KSHV.
Joel D. Baines is an American virologist who is serving as dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine,Louisiana State University (LSU) since 2014.
Wolfgang Karl "Bill" Joklik was a virologist and James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at Duke University,from which he retired in 1993 after 25 years chairing the department. In 1981,he founded the American Society for Virology,the first scientific society specifically for virologists,and served a two-year term as its founding president. In the same year,he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences. He has been described as "one of the earliest molecular virologists" and is best known for his research on poxviruses and reoviruses,and for work on interferon proteins.
Charles Moen Rice is an American virologist and Nobel Prize laureate whose main area of research is the hepatitis C virus. He is a professor of virology at the Rockefeller University in New York City and an adjunct professor at Cornell University and Washington University School of Medicine. At the time of the award he was a faculty at Rockefeller.
Shahid Jameel is an Indian virologist and academic. Dr. Jameel is the Sultan Qaboos bin Said Fellow at Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and Research Fellow,Green Templeton College,University of Oxford. He serves as the Principal Investigator for the Centre's project on Public Health,Science and Technology in Muslim societies. Previously he was the director of the Trivedi School of Biosciences since its inception in the year 2020 at Ashoka University. He was formerly head of the scientific advisory group to the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortia (INSACOG) established in December 2020,and the chief executive officer of Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance. Known for his research in hepatitis E virus,Jameel is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. National Academy of Sciences,India,Indian Academy of Sciences,and Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research,awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology,one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 2000.
Karla Kirkegaard is the Violetta L. Horton Research Professor of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. She was the chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology from 2006 to 2010. She is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Her research focuses on virology.
Craig E. Cameron is the chair of the department of microbiology and immunology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Society for Microbiology.
Francis "Frank" Vincent Chisari is a physician,experimental pathologist,virologist,and immunologist,known for his research on virus-host interactions of hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
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