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Penang, officially the State of Penang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. They are connected by Malaysia's two longest road bridges, the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge; the latter is also, as of May 2019, the longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia. The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass, Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east, and Perak to the south.
George Town is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Penang. George Town is Malaysia's third most populous city with 708,127 inhabitants as of 2010, while Greater Penang, with a population of 2,412,616, is the second largest conurbation in the country after Greater Kuala Lumpur. The historical core of George Town has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.
Captain Francis Light was a British explorer and the founder of the British colony of Penang and its capital city of George Town in 1786. Light and his lifelong partner, Martina Rozells, were the parents of William Light, who founded the city of Adelaide in South Australia.
Fort Cornwallis is a bastion fort in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, built by the British East India Company in the late 18th century. Fort Cornwallis is the largest standing fort in Malaysia. The fort never engaged in combat during its operational history.
Seberang Perai is a city in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is situated on the Malay Peninsula opposite Penang Island, bordering Kedah to the north and east and Perak to the south. Its city centre is located in Butterworth, while its local authority, the Seberang Perai City Council, is centred near Bukit Mertajam. As of 2010, Seberang Perai had a population of 815,767, making it the second most populous city in Malaysia.
Balik Pulau is a town within the jurisdiction of Penang Island City Council in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located at the southwest of Penang Island, it is also the administrative seat of the Southwest Penang Island District.
The State of Penang, one of the most developed and urbanised Malaysian states, is located at the nation's northwest coast along the Malacca Strait. Unlike most Malaysian states, the history of modern Penang was shaped by British colonialism, beginning with the acquisition of Penang Island from the Sultanate of Kedah by the British East India Company in 1786. Developed into a free port, the city state was subsequently governed as part of the Straits Settlements, together with Singapore and Malacca; the state capital, George Town, briefly became the capital of this political entity between 1826 and 1832. By the end of the 19th century, George Town prospered and became one of the major entrepôts in Southeast Asia.
William Petrie was a British officer of the East India Company in Chennai during the 1780s, and was Governor of Prince of Wales Island from 1812 to 1816. An amateur astronomer, Petrie helped found the first modern observatory outside Europe, the Madras Observatory.
St. George's Church is a 19th-century Anglican church in the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. It is the oldest purpose built Anglican church in Southeast Asia. The church lies within the jurisdiction of the Upper North Archedeaconry of the Anglican Diocese of West Malaysia.
The Southwest Penang Island District is a district within the Malaysian state of Penang. The district covers the southwestern half of Penang Island and borders the Northeast Penang Island District to the east. It has an area of 175 km2 (68 sq mi) and a population of 197,131 as of 2010. Balik Pulau is the district's administrative centre, while Bayan Lepas is the largest town within the district.
Sir Robert Fullerton was a colonial administrator who served as the first Governor of the Straits Settlements, appointed by the East India Company.
Major Forbes Ross MacDonald, a gentleman in the service of the Nabob of Arcot, was appointed by Governor-general Sir John Shore as superintendent of Prince of Wales Isle to succeed Philip Manington who had resigned due to ill health.
George Caunter was a British administrator who governed Prince of Wales Island as Acting Superintendent from 1797–1798 and again from 1798–1800. As First Assistant under Lieutenant-Governor Leith he negotiated the treaty that brought Province Wellesley under British sovereignty in 1800 and that provided, in British eyes, an unequivocal basis for British sovereignty over Penang Island. At various times Caunter further held the offices of marine storekeeper, master attendant, Chief Magistrate, Treasurer and Chaplain in Penang.
Sir Robert Townsend Farquhar, 1st Baronet was an influential British merchant of the early nineteenth century who served as a colonial governor and Member of Parliament. During his lengthy service for both the East India Company and the British government, Farquhar gained a reputation as an efficient and ambitious administrator and he notably served as Lieutenant-Governor of Prince of Wales Island from January 1804 to 1805 and as governor of Île de Bourbon, now known as Réunion from 1810 to 1811.
Colonel Norman Macalister was a Scottish officer in the Bengal Army and colonial administrator who was Lieutenant-Governor of Prince of Wales Isle (Penang) from 1808 to 1810.
Charles Andrew Bruce (1768–1810) was briefly Governor of Prince of Wales Island from March 24, 1810, until his death in office in December 1810.
Kapitan China Koh Lay Huan was a wealthy and educated man, who had earlier rebelled against the Manchu-led Chinese Qing Dynasty and fled to Siam and the Malay States, to eventually settle in Penang as its first Kapitan China. He was a merchant, planter, tax farmer, Chinese secret society headman, and one of a handful of pioneering leaders of Penang.
Pitt Street or Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling in Malay is a major thoroughfare in the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. One of the oldest roads in the city centre, it was named after William Pitt the Younger, the Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1786.
George Town, the capital city of the State of Penang, is the second largest city in Malaysia and the economic centre of the country's northern region. The history of George Town began with its establishment by Captain Francis Light of the British East India Company in 1786. Founded as a free port, George Town became the first British settlement in Southeast Asia and prospered in the 19th century as one of the vital British entrepôts within the region. It briefly became the capital of the Straits Settlements, a British crown colony which also consisted of Singapore and Malacca.
References
- ↑ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1923. p. 8.
- ↑ Tregonning, K.G. The British in Malaya: The First Forty nYears, 1786-1826. Association for Asian Studies. University of Arizona Press, 1965: p. 49
- ↑ Webster, Anthony. Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770-1890. I.B. Tauris, 1998: 45, 46, 52, 278
- ↑ "Hussin, Nordin. Urban Growth and Municipal Development in Colonial Port-town Penang, 1786-1830." Presented at the Fourth International Malaysian Studies Conference (MSC4), 3–5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
- ↑ "New Ways of Knowing: The Prince of Wales Island Gazette--Penang's First Newspaper." Wade, Geoff. Presented at "The Penang Story - International Conference 2002." 18–21 April 2002, Penang, Malaysia. The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications
- ↑ Prince of Wales' Island Government Gazette, Vol. I, No. 46 (10 January 1807).