Solid mechanics is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents.
Micromechanics is the analysis of composite or heterogeneous materials on the level of the individual constituents that constitute these materials.
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to Engineering Science and Mechanics (ESM). For a broad overview of engineering, please see Engineering. For biographies please see List of engineers and Mechanicians.
In the theory of composite materials, the representative elementary volume (REV) is the smallest volume over which a measurement can be made that will yield a value representative of the whole. In the case of periodic materials, one simply chooses a periodic unit cell, but in random media, the situation is much more complicated. For volumes smaller than the RVE, a representative property cannot be defined and the continuum description of the material involves Statistical Volume Element (SVE) and random fields. The property of interest can include mechanical properties such as elastic moduli, hydrogeological properties, electromagnetic properties, thermal properties, and other averaged quantities that are used to describe physical systems.
In mathematics, a function of bounded deformation is a function whose distributional derivatives are not quite well-behaved-enough to qualify as functions of bounded variation, although the symmetric part of the derivative matrix does meet that condition. Thought of as deformations of elasto-plastic bodies, functions of bounded deformation play a major role in the mathematical study of materials, e.g. the Francfort-Marigo model of brittle crack evolution.
Philippe G. Ciarlet is a French mathematician, known particularly for his work on mathematical analysis of the finite element method. He has contributed also to elasticity, to the theory of plates and shells and differential geometry.
Junuthula N. Reddy is a Distinguished Professor, Regent's Professor, and inaugural holder of the Oscar S. Wyatt Endowed Chair in Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.[1] He is an authoritative figure in the broad area of mechanics and one of the researchers responsible for the development of the Finite Element Method (FEM). He has made significant seminal contributions in the areas of finite element method, plate theory, solid mechanics, variational methods, mechanics of composites, functionally graded materials, fracture mechanics, plasticity, biomechanics, classical and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, and applied functional analysis. Reddy has over 620 journal papers and 20 books and has given numerous national and international talks. He served as a member of the International Advisory Committee at ICTACEM, in 2001 and keynote addressing in 2014.[2][3]
In mathematics and physics, homogenization is a method of studying partial differential equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients, such as
João Arménio Correia Martins was born on November 11, 1951, at the southern town of Olhão in Portugal. He attended high school at the Liceu Nacional de Faro which he completed in 1969. Afterwards João Martins moved to Lisbon where he was graduate student of Civil Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) until 1976. He was a research assistant and assistant instructor at IST until 1981. Subsequently, he entered the graduate school in the College of Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics of The University of Texas at Austin, USA. There he obtained a MSc in 1983 with a thesis titled A Numerical Analysis of a Class of Problems in Elastodynamics with Friction Effects and a PhD in 1986 with a thesis titled Dynamic Frictional Contact Problems Involving Metallic Bodies, both supervised by Prof. John Tinsley Oden. He returned to Portugal in 1986 and became assistant professor at IST. In 1989 he became associate professor and in 1996 he earned the academic degree of “agregado” from Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Later, in 2005, he became full professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of IST.
According to the classical theories of elastic or plastic structures made from a material with non-random strength (ft), the nominal strength (σN) of a structure is independent of the structure size (D) when geometrically similar structures are considered. Any deviation from this property is called the size effect. For example, conventional strength of materials predicts that a large beam and a tiny beam will fail at the same stress if they are made of the same material. In the real world, because of size effects, a larger beam will fail at a lower stress than a smaller beam.
The William Prager Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Engineering Science (SES) to an individual for "outstanding research contributions in either theoretical or experimental Solid Mechanics or both". This medal was established in 1983. The actual award is a medal with William Prager's likeness on one side and an honorarium of US$2000.
Johannes Ferdinand "Hans" Besseling was professor emeritus of Engineering Mechanics at the Delft University of Technology, worked in the field of the application of solid mechanics to the analysis of structures; constitutive equations for the mathematical description of material behaviour. His specialities are finite element methods, continuum thermodynamics, creep and plasticity of metals.
Leonid Berlyand is a Soviet and American mathematician, a professor of Penn State University. He is known for his works on homogenization, Ginzburg–Landau theory, mathematical modeling of active matter and mathematical foundations of deep learning.
Variational Asymptotic Method (VAM) is a powerful mathematical approach to simplify the process of finding stationary points for a described functional by taking advantage of small parameters. VAM is the synergy of variational principles and asymptotic approaches. Variational principles are applied to the defined functional as well as the asymptotes are applied to the same functional instead of applying on differential equations which is more prone error. This methodology is applicable for a whole range of physics problems, where the problem has to be defined in a variational form and should be able to identify the small parameters within the problem definition. In other words, VAM can be applicable where the functional is so complex in determining the stationary points either by analytical or by computationally expensive numerical analysis with an advantage of small parameters. Thus, approximate stationary points in the functional can be utilized to obtain the original functional.
Jean Salençon is a French physicist born on November 13, 1940. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the French Academy of Technologies.
A number of processes of surface growth in areas ranging from mechanics of growing gravitational bodies through propagating fronts of phase transitions, epitaxial growth of nanostructures and 3D printing, growth of plants, and cell mobility require non-Euclidean description because of incompatibility of boundary conditions and different mechanisms of developing stresses at interfaces. Indeed, these mechanisms result in the curving of initially flat elements of the body and changing separation between different elements of it. Gradual accumulation of deformations under the influx of accumulating mass results in the memory-conscious grows of the body and makes strains the subject of long-range forces. As a result of all above factors, generic non-Euclidean growth is described in terms of Riemannian geometry with a space- and time-dependent curvature.
Jean-Baptiste Leblond, born on 21 May 1957 in Boulogne-Billancourt, is a materials scientist, member of the Mechanical Modelling Laboratory of the Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University (MISES) and professor at the same university.
André Zaoui is a French physicist in material mechanics, born on 8 June 1941. He is a corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences and a member of the French Academy of Technologies.
Leonid Isakovich Manevitch was a Soviet and Russian physicist, mechanical engineer, and mathematician. He made fundamental contributions to areas of nonlinear dynamics, composite and polymer physics, and asymptotology.
Crystal plasticity is a mesoscale computational technique that takes into account crystallographic anisotropy in modelling the mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline materials. The technique has typically been used to study deformation through the process of slip, however, there are some flavors of crystal plasticity that can incorporate other deformation mechanisms like twinning and phase transformations. Crystal plasticity is used to obtain the relationship between stress and strain that also captures the underlying physics at the crystal level. Hence, it can be used to predict not just the stress-strain response of a material, but also the texture evolution, micromechanical field distributions, and regions of strain localisation. The two widely used formulations of crystal plasticity are the one based on the finite element method known as Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM), which is developed based on the finite strain formulation for the mechanics, and a spectral formulation which is more computationally efficient due to the fast Fourier transform, but is based on the small strain formulation for the mechanics.
