Piore River | |
---|---|
Lagoon | |
Geographic distribution | Sissano Lagoon area and Piore River watershed, West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification | Skou
|
Subdivisions |
|
Glottolog | lago1243 |
The Piore River or Lagoon languages form a branch of Skou languages. Historically most have been lumped together as a single Warapu language, with Nouri variously classified. They are spoken in the Sissano Lagoon area of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. The Piore River runs to the west of all the languages, and so speakers do not find it an acceptable name. However, it is not clear which name would be better, as the name of the lagoon, 'Sissano', is used for different neighboring languages.
The Piore River branch was ambiguously named Lagoon by Miller (2017). [1] The older names of the Piore River languages were from village names; Miller submitted that the languages name were actually Bauni, Uni, Bouni, and Bobe.
Lagoon (Piore River)
The Piore River languages have influenced various other languages (other Skou, Kwomtari, Torricelli, and Oceanic languages) that have arrived relatively recently in the Sissano Lagoon area within the last century or so. Sound changes shared by genealogically unrelated languages in the Sissano Lagoon linguistic convergence area include *s > zero; *t/d, *l > r; and loss of tone, which is a phonological feature typical of Skou languages. The Sissano Lagoon convergence zone is at the northeastern end of what Donohue and Crowther refer to as the "North-Central New Guinea" (NCNG) area, which is a highly linguistically and culturally heterogeneous area marked by the lack of widespread trade and cultural diffusion due to geographical isolation among groups; the "NCNG" area ranges from just east of the Lakes Plain region to the western edge of the Sepik basin. [2]
The Sko or Skou languages are a small language family spoken by about 7000 people, mainly along the Vanimo coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea, with a few being inland from this area and at least one just across the border in the Indonesian province of Papua.
Tayap is an endangered Papuan language spoken by less that 50 people in Gapun village of Marienberg Rural LLG in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. It is being replaced by the national language and lingua franca Tok Pisin.
The Sepik–Ramu languages are a obsolete language family of New Guinea linking the Sepik, Ramu, Nor–Pondo, Leonhard Schultze (Walio–Papi) and Yuat families, together with the Taiap language isolate, and proposed by Donald Laycock and John Z'graggen in 1975.
The Border or Upper Tami languages are an independent family of Papuan languages in Malcolm Ross's version of the Trans–New Guinea proposal.
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.
The Yuat languages are an independent family of five Papuan languages spoken along the Yuat River in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are an independent family in the classification of Malcolm Ross, but are included in Stephen Wurm's Sepik–Ramu proposal. However, Foley and Ross could find no lexical or morphological evidence that they are related to the Sepik or Ramu languages.
Bauni is a language spoken in Barupu (Warapu) village of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.
The Lower Sepik a.k.a. Nor–Pondo languages are a small language family of East Sepik Province in northern Papua New Guinea. They were identified as a family by K Laumann in 1951 under the name Nor–Pondo, and included in Donald Laycock's now-defunct 1973 Sepik–Ramu family.
The Yellow River languages are a small family of clearly related languages,
The Iwam languages are a small family of two clearly related languages,
The Nukuma languages are a small family of three clearly related languages:
The Mongol–Langam, Koam, or Ulmapo languages are a language group of Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea belonging to the Ramu language family. Foley (2018) includes them within the Grass languages, but they were not included in Foley (2005).
Skou, or Tumawo, is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
One is a Torricelli dialect cluster of West Wapei Rural LLG in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.
The Wogamus languages are a pair of closely related languages,
West Aitape Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. The Piore River languages and Oceanic languages such as Sissano are spoken in the LLG.
Bouni (Sumo) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Sumo village of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, located near the border with Indonesia.
Uni (Ramo) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Ramo village of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, located near the border with Indonesia.
The Western Skou or Inner Skou languages form a branch of Skou languages. They are spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. They are called Western Skou by Donohue (2002), Inner Sko by Foley (2018), and West Vanimo Coast by Usher (2020).
Sissano Lagoon is a lagoon located in West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.