Planet Patrol (project)

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Exoplanet transit detection Exoplanet transit detection.png
Exoplanet transit detection

Planet Patrol is a NASA citizen science project available in Zooniverse and aimed at discovering new exoplanets with data from the TESS telescope. [1]

Contents

The project is built on results produced by a computer algorithm. The algorithm measures the center-of-light of the images and automatically compares it to the catalog position of the corresponding star. [2]

The main difference with Planet Hunters is that Planet Patrol looks at objects that represent a detected planet candidate in TESS data, whereas Planet Hunters searches through all the stars in the TESS databases and asks humans to find such candidates. [3]

As of September 2020, there are 1370 volunteers and 72,938 classifications have been done. [4]

The images representing a possible exoplanet transit show a single bright source near the middle of the image with a dot at the center.

Results

Two papers were published by Planet Patrol, vetting 1998 TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). Of these TOIs 1461 passed as planet candidates, 286 were ruled out as false-positive and 251 were labelled as potential false-positive. The resulting catalog is named TESS Triple 9 (TT9), named after the number of vetted TOIs in each paper being 999. [5] [6]

The second TT9 paper describes interesting planet candidates, such as TIC 396720998.01 (TOI 709.01), a sub-Jovian around a hot subdwarf, named LB 1721. [7] The planet candidate produces a V-shaped transit, which is different from the U-shaped transits that most planets produce. [6] TOI 709.01 was previously classified as a false-positive by TRICERATOPS, another vetting tool. Because this tool uses pre-existing knowledge of its host star and transit shape, [8] this tool might have been confused by the small size of the host star and the resulting V-shape of a transit. TOI 709.01 would be the second transiting planet around a degenerate star if confirmed. The first transiting planet around a white dwarf was WD 1856+534 b.

The paper also describes two planet candidates in the habitable zone: TOI 715.01 and the already confirmed TOI 1227 b. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</span> NASA satellite of the Explorer program

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly elliptical 13.70-day orbit around the Earth. The first light image from TESS was taken on 7 August 2018, and released publicly on 17 September 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planet Hunters</span> Citizen science project to find exoplanets

Planet Hunters is a citizen science project to find exoplanets using human eyes. It does this by having users analyze data from the NASA Kepler space telescope and the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched by a team led by Debra Fischer at Yale University, as part of the Zooniverse project.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disk Detective</span> NASA-citizen science project

Disk Detective is the first NASA-led and funded-collaboration project with Zooniverse. It is NASA's largest crowdsourcing citizen science project aiming at engaging the general public in search of stars, which are surrounded by dust-rich circumstellar disks, where planets usually dwell and are formed. Initially launched by NASA Citizen Science Officer, Marc Kuchner, the principal investigation of the project was turned over to Steven Silverberg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-1647b</span> Circumbinary gas giant orbiting the Kepler-1647 star system

Kepler-1647b is a circumbinary exoplanet that orbits the binary star system Kepler-1647, located 3,700 light-years (1,100 pc) from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was announced on June 13, 2016, in San Diego at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. It was detected using the transit method, when it caused the dimming of the primary star, and then again of the secondary star blended with the primary star eclipse. The first transit of the planet was identified in 2012, but at the time the single event was not enough to rule out contamination, or confirm it as a planet. It was discovered by the analysis of the Kepler light-curve, which showed the planet in transit.

TOI-700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI-700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-700 d</span> Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI-700

TOI-700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-1338</span> Binary star system in the constellation Pictor

TOI-1338 is a binary star system located in the constellation Pictor, about 1,320 light-years from Earth. It is orbited by two known circumbinary planets, TOI-1338 b, discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and BEBOP-1c, discovered by the Binaries Escorted By Orbiting Planets project.

A Peter Pan disk is a circumstellar disk around a star or brown dwarf that appears to have retained enough gas to form a gas giant planet for much longer than the typically assumed gas dispersal timescale of approximately 5 million years. Several examples of such disks have been observed to orbit stars with spectral types of M or later. The presence of gas around these disks has generally been inferred from the total amount of radiation emitted from the disk at infrared wavelengths, and/or spectroscopic signatures of hydrogen accreting onto the star. To fit one specific definition of a Peter Pan disk, the source needs to have an infrared "color" of , an age of >20 Myr and spectroscopic evidence of accretion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">L 98-59 b</span> Terrestrial planet orbiting L 98-59

L 98-59 b is an exoplanet having a size between that of the Earth and Mars and a mass only half that of Venus. It orbits L 98-59, a red dwarf 35 light-years away in the constellation Volans. There are at least 3 other planets in the system: L 98-59 c, d, e, and the unconfirmed L 98-59 f. Its discovery was announced on 27 June 2019 on the NASA website. It was the smallest planet discovered by TESS until the discovery of LHS 1678b, and was the lowest-mass planet whose mass has been measured using radial velocities until Proxima Centauri d was found in 2022.

L 98-59 is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs, as measured by the Gaia spacecraft.

TOI-1452 b is a confirmed super-Earth exoplanet, possibly a water world, orbiting a red-dwarf star TOI-1452 about 100 light-years away in the Draco constellation. The exoplanet is about 70% larger in diameter than Earth, and roughly five times as massive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-700 e</span> Earth-size exoplanet in Dorado

TOI-700 e is the second outermost known exoplanet orbiting TOI-700, a red dwarf star in the constellation of Dorado.

TOI-813 is a bright subgiant G-type star located 858 light-years away from planet Earth. It is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. TOI-813 has a mass of 1.32 solar masses, a radius of 1.95 solar radii and a luminosity of 4.3 times the solar luminosity.

References

  1. ↑ Kazmierczak, Jeanette (2020-09-28). "Search for New Worlds at Home With NASA's Planet Patrol Project". NASA. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  2. ↑ "FAQ". www.zooniverse.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  3. ↑ "FAQ". www.zooniverse.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  4. ↑ "Planet Patrol". www.zooniverse.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  5. ↑ Cacciapuoti, Luca; Kostov, Veselin B.; Kuchner, Marc; Quintana, Elisa V.; Colón, Knicole D.; Brande, Jonathan; Mullally, Susan E.; Chance, Quadry; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Ahlers, John P.; Di Fraia, Marco Z.; Durantini Luca, Hugo A.; Ienco, Riccardo M.; Gallo, Francesco; de Lima, Lucas T. (2022-06-01). "The TESS Triple-9 Catalog: 999 uniformly vetted exoplanet candidates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (1): 102–116. arXiv: 2203.15826 . Bibcode:2022MNRAS.513..102C. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac652 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. 1 2 3 Magliano, Christian; Kostov, Veselin; Cacciapuoti, Luca; Covone, Giovanni; Inno, Laura; Fiscale, Stefano; Kuchner, Marc; Quintana, Elisa V.; Salik, Ryan; Saggese, Vito; Yablonsky, John M.; Fornear, Aline U.; Hyogo, Michiharu; Di Fraia, Marco Z.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini (2023-05-01). "The TESS Triple-9 Catalog II: a new set of 999 uniformly vetted exoplanet candidates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 521 (3): 3749–3764. arXiv: 2303.00624 . Bibcode:2023MNRAS.521.3749M. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad683 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  7. ↑ "toi 709". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  8. ↑ Giacalone, Steven; Dressing, Courtney D.; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Collins, Karen A.; Ricker, George R.; Vanderspek, Roland; Seager, S.; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Barclay, Thomas; Barkaoui, Khalid; Cadieux, Charles; Charbonneau, David; Collins, Kevin I.; Conti, Dennis M. (2021-01-01). "Vetting of 384 TESS Objects of Interest with TRICERATOPS and Statistical Validation of 12 Planet Candidates". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (1): 24. arXiv: 2002.00691 . Bibcode:2021AJ....161...24G. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/abc6af . hdl: 1721.1/134566.2 . ISSN   0004-6256.
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