Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

Last updated June 01, 2024

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a family of organic compounds with one or several of the hydrogens in the dibenzofuran structure replaced by chlorines. For example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) has chlorine atoms substituted for each of the hydrogens on the number 2, 3, 7, and 8 carbons (see structure in the upper left corner of the second image). Polychlorinated dibenzofurans with chlorines at least in positions 2,3,7 and 8 are much more toxic than the parent compound dibenzofurane, with properties and chemical structures similar to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. These groups together are often inaccurately called dioxins. They are known developmental toxicants, and suspected human carcinogens. PCDFs tend to co-occur with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). PCDFs can be formed by pyrolysis or incineration at temperatures below 1200 °C of chlorine containing products, such as PVC, PCBs, and other organochlorides, or of non-chlorine containing products in the presence of chlorine donors.^[1] Dibenzofurans are known persistent organic pollutants (POP), classified among the dirty dozen in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Congeners

number	formula	name	CAS Number	InChIKey
PCDF-1	${\ce {C12H7ClO}}$	1-chlorodibenzofuran	84761-86-4	WRSMJZYBNIAAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2	${\ce {C12H7ClO}}$	2-chlorodibenzofuran	51230-49-0	PRKTYWJFCODJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-3	${\ce {C12H7ClO}}$	3-chlorodibenzofuran	25074-67-3	BBOZMMAURMEVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-4	${\ce {C12H7ClO}}$	4-chlorodibenzofuran	74992-96-4	RHRYBWFAHXCUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,2-dichlorodibenzofuran	64126-85-8	QVAPRJWSOUITIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,3-dichlorodibenzofuran	94538-00-8	VKIBKEFGJSPRJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-14	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,4-dichlorodibenzofuran	94538-01-9	VHQCMZLPHWGUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-16	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,6-dichlorodibenzofuran	74992-97-5	JRSRWACZUFLWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-17	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,7-dichlorodibenzofuran	94538-02-0	XRQNHPGZRFKBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-18	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,8-dichlorodibenzofuran	81638-37-1	UAFNQQBPUWFPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-19	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	1,9-dichlorodibenzofuran	70648-14-5	AEKSGHBVWJHELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	2,3-dichlorodibenzofuran	64126-86-9	GETJJZZRPQFSFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-24	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	2,4-dichlorodibenzofuran	24478-74-8	LHTCKMYRNOGUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-26	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	2,6-dichlorodibenzofuran	60390-27-4	XVLCNKFGFHUQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-27	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	2,7-dichlorodibenzofuran	74992-98-6	DOZUTNBCPVUMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-28	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran	5409-83-6	IVVRJIDVYSPKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-34	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	3,4-dichlorodibenzofuran	94570-83-9	HYQGGNWDPQZLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-36	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	3,6-dichlorodibenzofuran	74918-40-4	DMOBGFAKTSXOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-37	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	3,7-dichlorodibenzofuran	58802-21-4	OLTYAGNRSNFHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-46	${\ce {C12H6Cl2O}}$	4,6-dichlorodibenzofuran	64560-13-0	BZFIZJNKNCJEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,3-trichlorodibenzofuran	83636-47-9	LADSWAAWPMGHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,4-trichlorodibenzofuran	24478-73-7	RQIWKWHVZLDXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-126	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	64560-15-2	CYRZCBUWRUACKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-127	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-37-4	AFOVQGPNOZDUEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-128	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-34-1	UYIGPSPCOXGBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-129	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,2,9-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-38-5	ICTXINQOXPMQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,3,4-trichlorodibenzofuran	82911-61-3	FIPOITUDJFQRRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-136	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,3,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-39-6	AGPTXRLVBIRYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-137	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,3,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	64560-16-3	INRBXOGZPDFCLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-138	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	76621-12-0	PHFSTDOPTZHECA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-139	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,3,9-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-40-9	SPPGDLROKBFNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-146	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	82911-60-2	XDQRWSUJOURTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-147	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-41-0	XTLMVJUSIANHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-148	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	64560-14-1	PCQCYDNFBUADOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-149	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,4,9-trichlorodibenzofuran	70648-13-4	NVYUPBVXKLTYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-167 (PCDF-349)	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,6,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-46-5	HEWLCNCSWBMZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-168 (PCDF-249)	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,6,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	82911-59-9	ZOBVYDQWZXUJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-178 (PCDF-239)	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	1,7,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	58802-18-9	YNMCXGLWHTVMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-234	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,3,4-trichlorodibenzofuran	57117-34-7	YDLADWPBKZODCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-236	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,3,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	57117-33-6	CPMGJTLNRBIKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-237	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,3,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	58802-17-8	CKXMNTLGGAOERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-238	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	57117-32-5	NUNSNNOYACKRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-246	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	58802-14-5	GTKURBTWZFQHHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-247	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-42-1	SZBZRVJHPZIGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-248	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	54589-71-8	WJURXKWTCOMRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-346	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	3,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-43-2	XEUHBCMRIXEBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-347	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	3,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-44-3	RPJJBTSXPNFUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-348	${\ce {C12H5Cl3O}}$	3,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran	83704-45-4	YTZWNIQGGIJHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	24478-72-6	AETAPIFVELRIDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1236	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,3,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-21-6	BBAXFLIBRPXRBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1237	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,3,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-22-7	MDNZFYGATDCKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1238	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,3,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	62615-08-1	KFQRHGKKSHJMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1239	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,3,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-23-8	GNQHLJHTOATTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1246	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	71998-73-7	NLVWEKPJFUPVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1247	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83719-40-8	MFURKMJLDQBHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1248	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	64126-87-0	BFTASCFRRBHFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1249	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-24-9	ZUYYTCCHKQGGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1267	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-25-0	AUEWYHHKDYUYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1268	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83710-07-0	KCVGVSIBBGIJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1269	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	70648-18-9	IEPGLLVEBKXASE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1278	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	58802-20-3	JODWPAQNABOHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1279	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-26-1	PDMFRPIFZAKMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1289	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,2,8,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	70648-22-5	OHYCQUKMNPHFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1346	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-27-2	CBBDONKZEJKFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1347	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	70648-16-7	UMKCVDZTSZNWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1348	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	92341-04-3	XWKRJSMNDOXIHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1349	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-28-3	PNCYJHOTZSKZPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1367	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-36-9	PITDPGCTIMCYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1368	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	71998-72-6	BDXKVABZWRZKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1369	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83690-98-6	NJQQZRLWVLWNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1378	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-35-8	CSXDVUGDFSYXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1379	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,3,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	64560-17-4	IEMJMCVYAORWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1467	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	66794-59-0	RBFNYMHNIOKXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1468	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	82911-58-8	VHOBVPNETFRJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1469	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,4,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	70648-19-0	JAYSBJFHDJOMGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1478	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-29-4	IVRDRRWQABCXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1678	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	1,6,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-33-0	KOJMOXYETDLOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2346	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-30-7	JNVHSHPAAMRSKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2347	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-31-8	BROFYOSLFHTGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2348	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	83704-32-9	IIKXRERKNIJJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2367	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-39-2	MJCNKMDTLRSHNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2368	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-37-0	SPMZHWVRMWWTSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2378	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	51207-31-9	KSMVNVHUTQZITP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2467	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-38-1	NSDXKMRVQOSASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2468	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	58802-19-0	ZSPJEACWUWSAGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-3467	${\ce {C12H4Cl4O}}$	3,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran	57117-40-5	LMJLCLBSUNZLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12346	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,4,6-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-47-6	LIQJBAPSLUZUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12347	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-48-7	DOJZTBGOWIYFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12348	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,4,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	67517-48-0	ZCTNDJSCLPJCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12349	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,4,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-49-8	IQSZNZVZXOFRJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12367	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran	57117-42-7	NZUPQBVDIWCPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12368	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-51-2	VHQJZOFUPXEZQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12369	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-52-3	IPSFQAKXDJVQOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12378	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	57117-41-6	SBMIVUVRFPGOEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12379	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-53-4	JVUSEQPOWCBYNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12389	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,3,8,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-54-5	NKGLWUJPCTUDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12467	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-50-1	BQTCODOVGXJHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12468	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	69698-57-3	JDTUAYPJSSXDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12469	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70648-24-7	QDQFGVXGPSYEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12478	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	58802-15-6	GCFDWHIKRXCUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12479	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	71998-74-8	IYGVHNHWORPMFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12489	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,4,8,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70648-23-6	ZSPAPWGNAGTCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12678 (PCDF-23489)	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	69433-00-7	ZAAVDGLJEOXCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12679	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,2,6,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70872-82-1	QQRRQEVOSMEVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13467	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-36-3	JVYYDUWJIJMOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13468	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-55-6	COKIAYPRHYHYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13469	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,4,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70648-15-6	MYSAFUYQSBEEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13478	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	58802-16-7	ORSUQGVCWLXKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13479	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70648-20-3	GFXPLABVZOBCCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13678	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,3,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	70648-21-4	FRLMQDUYUJIHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-14678	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	1,4,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	83704-35-2	VANGHZRYKXDPRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23467	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	2,3,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran	57117-43-8	SJFBZRQKGOGHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23468	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	2,3,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	67481-22-5	MKRFORPSRBMAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23478	${\ce {C12H3Cl5O}}$	2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran	57117-31-4	OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123467	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorodibenzofuran	79060-60-9	SNWFMKXFMVHBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123468	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	69698-60-8	UCFGNWHERVQWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123469	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	91538-83-9	KFFUZIROJGXTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123478	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	70648-26-9	LVYBAQIVPKCOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123479	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	91538-84-0	BKIXWRBZCQEZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123489	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,4,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	92341-07-6	VSDUQUBUJRNREH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123678	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	57117-44-9	JEYJJJXOFWNEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123679	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	92341-06-5	JZVOLXQREJNTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123689	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	75198-38-8	WLGQZUOHEXTWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123789	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	72918-21-9	PYUSJFJVDVSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124678	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	67562-40-7	CKDDYGBBKXIHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124679	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	75627-02-0	FAHIPPHRJJJQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124689	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,2,4,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	69698-59-5	FGZCXIPKUCJGHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134678	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	71998-75-9	OGTZINCGZYXZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134679	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	1,3,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran	92341-05-4	TURXXOIFVABBPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-234678	${\ce {C12H2Cl6O}}$	2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran	60851-34-5	XTAHLACQOVXINQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234678	${\ce {C12HCl7O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran	67562-39-4	WDMKCPIVJOGHBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234679	${\ce {C12HCl7O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,7,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran	70648-25-8	JWXWOEUKHXOUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234689	${\ce {C12HCl7O}}$	1,2,3,4,6,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran	69698-58-4	BADFHCOLISGRRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234789	${\ce {C12HCl7O}}$	1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran	55673-89-7	VEZCTZWLJYWARH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12346789	${\ce {C12Cl8O}}$	octachlorodibenzofuran	39001-02-0	RHIROFAGUQOFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Safety, toxicity, regulation

Occupational exposure to PCDFs may occur through inhalation and contact with the skin, although intake even in workers at waste incineration plants is not particularly high.^[2]^[3] For general population the most important source is food of animal origin like with other dioxin-like compounds.^[4]^[5]^[6] The most relevant congener is 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) which is more toxic and based on relative toxicity more prevalent than other PCDFs.^[4]

Related Research Articles

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer products, whose production was banned in the United States by the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1976 and internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001.

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins, are a group of long-lived polyhalogenated organic compounds that are primarily anthropogenic, and contribute toxic, persistent organic pollution in the environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin</span> Chemical compound

Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (dibenzo-para-dioxin), is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound in which two benzene rings are connected by a 1,4-dioxin ring. Its molecular formula is C₁₂H₈O₂. The two oxygen atoms occupy opposite (para-) positions in the six-membered dioxin ring.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dibenzofuran</span> Chemical compound

Dibenzofuran is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical structure shown at right. It is an aromatic compound that has two benzene rings fused to a central furan ring. All the numbered carbon atoms have a hydrogen atom bonded to each of them. It is a volatile white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is obtained from coal tar, where it exists as a 1% component.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. They are toxic and adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. Because they can be transported by wind and water, most POPs generated in one country can and do affect people and wildlife far from where they are used and released.

This is a complete list of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1,4-Dioxin</span> Chemical compound

1,4-Dioxin (also referred as dioxin or p-dioxin) is a heterocyclic, organic, non-aromatic compound with the chemical formula C₄H₄O₂. There is an isomeric form of 1,4-dioxin, 1,2-dioxin (or o-dioxin). 1,2-Dioxin is very unstable due to its peroxide-like characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octachlorodibenzodioxin</span> Chemical compound

Octachlorodibenzodioxin is one of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs).

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are a group of chemical compounds that are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. They are mostly by-products of burning or various industrial processes or, in the case of dioxin-like PCBs and PBBs, unwanted minor components of intentionally produced mixtures.

A polyhalogenated compound (PHC) is any compound with multiple substitutions of halogens. They are of particular interest and importance because they bioaccumulate in humans, and comprise a superset of which has many toxic and carcinogenic industrial chemicals as members. PBDEs, PCBs, dioxins (PCDDs) and PFCs are all polyhalogenated compounds. They are generally non-miscible in organic solvents or water, but miscible in some hydrocarbons from which they often derive.

Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) are a group of compounds comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more aromatic rings and one or more chlorine atoms attached to the ring system. Cl-PAHs can be divided into two groups: chloro-substituted PAHs, which have one or more hydrogen atoms substituted by a chlorine atom, and chloro-added Cl-PAHs, which have two or more chlorine atoms added to the molecule. They are products of incomplete combustion of organic materials. They have many congeners, and the occurrences and toxicities of the congeners differ. Cl-PAHs are hydrophobic compounds and their persistence within ecosystems is due to their low water solubility. They are structurally similar to other halogenated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Cl-PAHs in the environment are strongly susceptible to the effects of gas/particle partitioning, seasonal sources, and climatic conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin</span> Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, chemical compound

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (sometimes shortened, though inaccurately, to simply 'dioxin') with the chemical formula C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂. Pure TCDD is a colorless solid with no distinguishable odor at room temperature. It is usually formed as an unwanted product in burning processes of organic materials or as a side product in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentachlorobenzene</span> Chemical compound

Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) is an aryl chloride and a five-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C₆HCl₅ which is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon. It consists of a benzene ring substituted with five chlorine atoms. PeCB was once used industrially for a variety of uses, but because of environmental concerns there are currently no large scale uses of PeCB. Pentachlorobenzene is a known persistent organic pollutant (POP) and banned globally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2009.

Toxic equivalency factor (TEF) expresses the toxicity of dioxins, furans and PCBs in terms of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The toxicity of the individual congeners may vary by orders of magnitude.

Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs) are a class of compounds that have high resistance to degradation from abiotic and biotic factors, high mobility in the environment and high toxicity. Because of these factors PBTs have been observed to have a high order of bioaccumulation and biomagnification, very long retention times in various media, and widespread distribution across the globe. Most PBTs in the environment are either created through industry or are unintentional byproducts.

In chemistry, congeners are chemical substances "related to each other by origin, structure, or function".

Heptachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin Chemical compound

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (often referred to as 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD) is a polychlorinated derivative of dibenzo-p-dioxin and can therefore be categorized as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), a subclass of dioxins which includes 75 congeners. HpCDD is the dibenzo-p-dioxin which is chlorinated at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. It is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound, since HpCDD contains multiple cyclic structures (two benzene rings connected by a 1,4-dioxin ring) in which two different elements (carbon and oxygen) are members of its rings. HpCDD has molecular formula C₁₂HCl₇O₂ and is an off-white powder, which is insoluble in water.

Larry W. Robertson is an American chemist, microbiologist and toxicologist. He is professor at the University of Iowa, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, known for his work on toxicology of POPs and PCBs, which are important environmental pollutants.

2,2',3,3',4,4'-Hexachlorobiphenyl is an organic chemical and belongs to a group of compounds called polychlorinated biphenyls. This group of organic compounds was used in transformers as dielectric fluids, until production was banned in 1979. While only being a part of this mixture, it is sometimes referred to as Aroclor 1260.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran</span> Chemical compound

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) is a polychlorinated dibenzofuran with a chemical formula of C₁₂H₄Cl₄O. TCDF is part of the chlorinated benzofuran (CDF) family that contain between 1 and 8 chlorine atoms attached to the parent dibenzofuran ring system. The CDF family includes 135 compounds, of which only a few have been studied.

References

↑ "Proceedings of the Subregional Awareness Raising Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Bangkok, Thailand". United Nations Environment Programme. November 25–28, 1997. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
↑ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database).
↑ Kumagai S, Koda S, Miyakita T, Ueno M (2002) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in serum samples of workers at intermittently burning municipal waste incinerators in Japan. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59:362-368. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.6.362
1 2 Tuomisto J (2019). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: toxicity in humans and animals, sources, and behaviour in the environment. WikiJournal of Medicine 6 (1): 8. doi:10.15347/wjm/2019.008. ISSN 2002-4436.
↑ Huang MC, Chao HR, Wang SL, Hung HC, Wang YS, Pan WH (2007) Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan. Food Additives and Contaminants Jul;24(7):784-91. PMID 17613064 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701222691
↑ Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).

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[unepbangkok-1] "Proceedings of the Subregional Awareness Raising Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Bangkok, Thailand". United Nations Environment Programme. November 25–28, 1997. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-12-11.

[2] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database).

[3] Kumagai S, Koda S, Miyakita T, Ueno M (2002) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in serum samples of workers at intermittently burning municipal waste incinerators in Japan. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59:362-368. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.6.362

[Tuomisto2019-4] 1 2 Tuomisto J (2019). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: toxicity in humans and animals, sources, and behaviour in the environment. WikiJournal of Medicine 6 (1): 8. doi:10.15347/wjm/2019.008. ISSN 2002-4436.

[5] Huang MC, Chao HR, Wang SL, Hung HC, Wang YS, Pan WH (2007) Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan. Food Additives and Contaminants Jul;24(7):784-91. PMID 17613064 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701222691

[6] Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).

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