Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres. With over 279 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
Nahdlatul Ulama is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. Its membership numbered over 95 million in 2021, making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. NU is also a charitable body funding schools and hospitals as well as organizing communities to help alleviate poverty.
Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on civil registry data in 2022. In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority are Sunni Muslims; the Pew Research Center estimates them as comprising ~99% of the country's Muslim population in 2011, with the remaining 1% being Shia who are concentrated around Jakarta and about 400,000 Ahmadi as well. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country.
Hidayatullah is an Islamic mass organization based in Indonesia, founded in 1973. It is aimed at propagation of puritanical interpretation of Islam, and dawah (proselytization). The organization operates pesantren, mass media, women's division, and coop.
The Prosperous Justice Party, frequently abbreviated to PKS, is an Islamist political party in Indonesia.
Darul Islam, also known as Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia, was an Islamist group that fought for the establishment of an Islamic state in Indonesia. It was established in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias, coordinated by a charismatic Muslim politician, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo. The group recognised only Shari'a as the valid source of law. The movement has produced splinters and offshoots that range from Jemaah Islamiyah to non-violent religious groups.
Several different religions are practised in Indonesia. Indonesia is officially a presidential republic and a unitary state without an established state religion. Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population and the first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation, Pancasila, requires its citizens to state the belief in "the one and almighty God". Although, as explained by the Constitutional Court, this first sila of Pancasila is an explicit recognition of divine substances and meant as a principle on how to live together in a religiously diverse society. However, blasphemy is a punishable offence and the Indonesian government has a discriminatory attitude towards its numerous tribal religions, atheist and agnostic citizens. In addition, the Aceh province officially applies Sharia law and is notorious for its discriminatory practices towards religious and sexual minorities. There are also Islamic fundamentalist movements in several parts of the country with overwhelming Muslim majorities.
Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah, is an independent social organization for study and research on Alqur'an and Alhadist. Dakwah is Arabic for religious proselytizing.
The Muslim Students' Association is an Indonesian Muslim student organization. HMI is an independent organization with the objective of "connecting academics, creators – servants of Islam, and taking responsibility for creating a just people blessed by Allah".
Azyumardi Azra was an Indonesian public intellectual, Muslim scholar and Rector of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. He graduated from Department of History, Columbia University in 1992. He was known as a prolific books writer; member of advisory board of a number of international organizations such as UN Democracy Fund (UNDEF), International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. After serving as Rector at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, he was the Director of Graduate School.
Indonesian Ulema Council is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on July 26, 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and smaller groups such as LDII, Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI, and Al Ittihadiyyah. The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members.
Achmad Hasyim Muzadi was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and cleric who served as chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, from 1999 to 2010. The founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school, he was a proponent of moderate Islam, which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal, and criticized both Islamic fundamentalism and Islamic liberalism. Hasyim was the vice presidential running mate of President Megawati Sukarnoputri in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election, though the ticket was defeated in a runoff. He subsequently served in the Presidential Advisory Council from 2015 until his death.
Arab Indonesians or, colloquially known as Jama'ah, and until the 20th century was also called Codjas or Kodjas, are Indonesian citizens of mixed Arab – mainly Hadhrami – and Indonesian descent. The ethnic group generally also includes those of Arab descent from other Middle Eastern Arabic speaking nations. Restricted under Dutch East Indies law until 1919, the community elites later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading. Currently found mainly in Java, especially West Java and East Java, they are almost all Muslims.
Pondok Pesantren Millenium Alfina is a co-educational boarding school of the Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah in East Java, Indonesia. It opened in 2000. Current enrollment is c. 200, with a 20:1 student-teacher ratio.
The Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council is a Sunni Islamic organization in Indonesia which aimed at dawah (proselytizing). The organization is considered one of the most prominent dawah organisations in modern Indonesia. It is also noted for being the primary receiver of funding for Islamic activities in Indonesia from Saudi Arabia.
Campus Dakwah Institute is a collective term for a student organization in Indonesia aimed as a union for Muslim campus students as well as medium for proselytization of Islam (dawah). Most universities in Indonesia have their own LDK. In each campus, LDK can be different in its organization, in which different names are often employed, including Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Islam, Kerohanian Islam, Forum Studi Islam, and Badan Kerohanian Islam.
Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University Malang is an Islamic public university in Malang, Indonesia. As a state-operated university, it participates in the SNMPTN admissions system.
Alkhairaat is the largest Islamic community organization in eastern Indonesia based in Palu, Central Sulawesi. This organization was founded by an Arab Indonesians cleric who born in Hadhramaut named Habib Sayyid Idrus bin Salim al-Jufri on June 30, 1930.
Kyai Haji Abdul Halim, known as KH Abdul Halim Majalengka (1887–1962) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and nationalist figure. He founded a number of Islamic organizations in the Dutch East Indies, including the Hayatul Qulub and the Persyarikatan Ulama and was a member of several national consultative councils during the transition to Indonesian independence in the 1940s. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 2008 by then-president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
