Eliza Rosanna Gilbert, Countess of Landsfeld, better known by the stage name Lola Montez, was an Irish dancer and actress who became famous as a Spanish dancer, courtesan, and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, who made her Gräfin von Landsfeld. At the start of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, she was forced to flee. She proceeded to the United States via Austria, Switzerland, France and London, to return to her work as an entertainer and lecturer.
Ludwig I or Louis I was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. When he was crown prince, he was involved in the Napoleonic Wars. As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialization, initiating the Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube. In 1835, the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg, with his Bavaria joining the Zollverein economic union in 1834. After the July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became increasingly repressive; in 1844, Ludwig was confronted during the Beer riots in Bavaria. During the revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by students and the middle classes. On 20 March 1848, he abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian.
Joseph Karl Stieler was a German painter. From 1820 until 1855 he worked as royal court painter for the Bavarian kings. He is known for his Neoclassical portraits, especially for the Gallery of Beauties at Nymphenburg Palace in Munich, as well as his emblematic portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven, which has become one of his most famous works.
Lola Montès is a 1955 historical romance film, and the last completed film of German-born director Max Ophüls. Based on the novel La vie extraordinaire de Lola Montès by Cécil Saint-Laurent, the film depicts the life of Irish dancer and courtesan Lola Montez (1821–1861), portrayed by Martine Carol, and tells the story of the most famous of her many notorious affairs, those with Franz Liszt and Ludwig I of Bavaria. A co-production between France and West Germany, the dialogue is mostly in French and German, with a few English-language sequences.
The Gallery of Beauties is a collection of 38 portraits of the most beautiful women from the nobility and bourgeoisie of Munich, Germany, gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in the south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace. All but two were painted between 1827 and 1850 by Joseph Karl Stieler, the others by Friedrich Dürck, a student of his.
Charlotte von Hagn was a German actress of the Biedermeier-era.
Helene Kreszenz Sedlmayr was a German beauty of the 19th century, considered the epitome of Munich's beauties. A shoemaker's daughter, she became known to Ludwig I of Bavaria when she supplied toys to his children and he commissioned a portrait of her from Stieler for his Gallery of Beauties and her portrait is one of the most famous of the 36 portrait paintings of the Beauties.
Auguste Strobl was a Bavarian beauty of the 19th century. The daughter of a royal chief accountant, she also appeared in the Gallery of Beauties gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria.
Katerina "Rosa" Botsari was a Greek courtier. She was member of the Souliot Botsaris family. The daughter of Markos Botsaris, she was in the service of Queen Amalia of Greece as well as an admired young woman throughout the European courts; she was immortalised for the 'Gallery of Beauties' of Ludwig I of Bavaria in an 1841 painting by Joseph Stieler. A Damask rose species bred in 1856 was named Rosa Botsaris after her. In 1845 she married prince and general George Caradja.
Princess Maximiliana Josepha Caroline of Bavaria, was a Princess of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Queen Caroline of Baden.
Friedrich Julius Georg Dury (1817–1894) was a well-regarded Bavarian-American portrait artist who worked in both oil and pastel. He was born and educated in Würzburg, Bavaria, and Munich, where he began his career as an artist.
Maximiliane Borzaga was a Munich beauty of Italian descent, whose portrait was included in the famous Gallery of Beauties of the Bavarian King Ludwig I.
Nanette Kaulla was a Munich beauty of the 19th century. She appeared in the Gallery of Beauties gathered by King Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1829. She was also called the "most beautiful Jew in Munich" She was described as pretty, witty and kind.
Amalie von Schintling was a Bavarian beauty of the 19th century. She gained notoriety through her portrait in the Gallery of Beauties in Nymphenburg Palace.
Crescentia, Princess of Oëttingen-Wallerstein born Maria Crescentia Bourgin, was the wife of Prince Louis of Oettingen-Wallerstein.
Anna von Greiner was a German woman who appeared in the Gallery of Beauties gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1861, painted by Joseph Stieler's nephew and pupil Friedrich Dürck.
Caroline Lizius was a German soprano in the Munich court music between 1844 and 1848. She also appeared in the Gallery of Beauties gathered by King Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1842.
Beethoven with the Manuscript of the Missa Solemnis is a portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven by Joseph Karl Stieler, completed in 1820. It shows Beethoven holding a manuscript of his Missa solemnis. The painting is held by the Beethoven-Haus in Germany. Variations on the portrait were produced by, among others, Josef Kriehuber and Andy Warhol.
Portrait of Amalie Auguste of Bavaria is an 1823 portrait painting by the German artist Joseph Karl Stieler. It depicts Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria. Stieler was the court painter to her father Maximilian, King of Bavaria from 1820. This work was likely commissioned to celebrate the wedding of Amalie Auguste and John of Saxony held on 21 November 1822 in Saxony. The princess is shown wearing a yellow dress in the Empire silhouette style. She is shown standing on a staircase of a veranda at the with Lake Tegernsee behind her. Since 1817 Tegernsee Castle had been the summer residence of the Bavarian royal family, and Maximilian met Tsar Alexander and Emperor Francis there before the Congress of Verona.
Portrait of Ludwig I is an 1826 portrait painting by the German artist Joseph Karl Stieler. It depicts Ludwig I of Bavaria in his coronation robes. Stieler had been court painter in the Bavarian capital Munich since 1820. In 1823 he had painted the Portrait of Amalie Auguste of Bavaria featuring Ludwig's younger sister. Ludwig subsequently commissioned Stieler to supply many of the paintings for his Gallery of Beauties at the Nymphenburg Palace.
