Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element

Last updated
Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element
RF00184.jpg
Identifiers
SymbolPVX_3
Alt. SymbolsPVX_cis-reg
Rfam RF00184
Other data
RNA type Cis-reg
Domain(s) Viruses
SO 0000205
PDB structures PDBe

The Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element is a cis-acting regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the Potato virus X genome. This element has been found to be required for minus strand RNA accumulation and is essential for efficient viral replication. [1]

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphogenesis, the development of anatomy, and other aspects of embryonic development, studied in evolutionary developmental biology.

Plant virus Virus that affects plants

Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants.

Genome entirety of an organisms hereditary information; genome of organism (encoded by the genomic DNA) is the (biological) information of heredity which is passed from one generation of organism to the next; is transcribed to produce various RNAs

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA. The genome includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of the genome is called genomics.

Contents

See also

Poxvirus AX element late mRNA cis-regulatory element

The Poxvirus AX element late mRNA family represents a cis-regulatory element present at the 3' end of poxvirus late ATI mRNA and is known as the AX element. The AX element is involved in directing the efficient production and orientation-dependent formation of late RNAs. It is likely that this element directs the endonucleolytic cleavage of the transcript. It has been shown that the F17R late mRNA transcript which is also cleaved is also likely to share a common factor in their mechanism despite a lack of any obvious similarity in its cis-regulatory RNA element.

Related Research Articles

Sindbis virus species of virus

Sindbis virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the alphavirus subfamily. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in Cairo, Egypt. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes SINV causes sindbis fever in humans and the symptoms include arthralgia, rash and malaise. Sindbis fever is most common in South and East Africa, Egypt, Israel, Philippines and parts of Australia. Sindbis virus is an "arbovirus" (arthropod-borne) and is maintained in nature by transmission between vertebrate (bird) hosts and invertebrate (mosquito) vectors. Humans are infected with Sindbis virus when bitten by an infected mosquito. SINV has been linked to Pogosta disease in Finland, Ockelbo disease in Sweden and Karelian fever in Russia.

Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element

The Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element represents a cloverleaf-like cis-regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the bamboo mosaic virus. This family is thought to play an important role in the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis and may also be involved in the regulation of viral replication.

Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element

The bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be essential for efficient RNA replication.

Citrus tristeza virus replication signal

The Citrus tristeza virus replication signal is a regulatory element involved in a viral replication signal which is highly conserved in citrus tristeza viruses. Replication signals are required for viral replication and are usually found near the 5' and 3' termini of protein coding genes. This element is predicted to form ten stem loop structures some of which are essential for functions that provide for efficient viral replication.

Enterovirus cis-acting replication element

Enterovirus cis-acting replication element is a small RNA hairpin in the coding region of protein 2C as the site in PV1(M) RNA that is used as the primary template for the in vitro uridylylation. The first step in the replication of the plus-stranded poliovirus RNA is the synthesis of a complementary minus strand. This process is initiated by the covalent attachment of uridine monophosphate (UMP) to the terminal protein VPg, yielding VPgpU and VPgpUpU.

Hepatitis C virus cis-acting replication element

The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Mutations in this family have been found to cause a blockage in RNA replication and it is thought that both the primary sequence and the structure of this element are crucial for HCV RNA replication.

Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII

Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII is a regulatory element found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, NS5B. Similarly to stem-loop IV, the stem-loop structure is important for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown.

Rotavirus cis-acting replication element

This family represents a rotavirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) found at the 3'-end of rotavirus mRNAs. The family is thought to promote the synthesis of minus strand RNA to form viral dsRNA.

Rubella virus 3 cis-acting element

The Rubella virus 3' cis-acting element RNA family represents a cis-acting element found at the 3' UTR in the rubella virus. This family contains three conserved step loop structures. Calreticulin (CAL), which is known to bind calcium in most eukaryotic cells, is able to specifically bind to the first stem loop of this RNA. CAL binding is thought to be related to viral pathogenesis and in particular arthritis which occurs frequently in rubella infections in adults and is independent of viral viability. All stem loop structures are thought to be important for efficient viral replication and deletion of stem loop three is known to be lethal.

Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element

Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element (CRE) is a CRE from the human rhinoviruses. The CRE is located within the genome segment encoding the capsid proteins so is found in a protein coding region. The element is essential for efficient viral replication and it has been suggested that the CRE is required for initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis.

Togavirus 5 plus strand cis-regulatory element

The Togavirus 5' plus strand cis-regulatory element is an RNA element which is thought to be essential for both plus and minus strand RNA synthesis.

Tombusvirus 3 UTR region IV

Tombusvirus 3' UTR is an important cis-regulatory region of the Tombus virus genome.

Tombusvirus 5 UTR

Tombusvirus 5' UTR is an important cis-regulatory region of the Tombus virus genome.

Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3

Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3 is an important cis-regulatory region identified in the 3' UTR of Tombusvirus defective interfering particles (DI).

UPSK RNA

The Upstream pseudoknot (UPSK) domain is an RNA element found in the turnip yellow mosaic virus, beet virus Q, barley stripe mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus, which is thought to be needed for efficient transcription. Disruption of the pseudoknot structure gives rise to a 50% drop in transcription efficiency. This element acts in conjunction with the Tymovirus/Pomovirus tRNA-like 3' UTR element to enhance translation.

Cis-acting replication elements bring together the 5' and 3' ends during replication of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses and double-stranded RNA viruses.

In molecular biology, the Norovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Norovirus. It occurs near to the 5' end of the RNA dependant RNA polymerase gene, this is the same location that the Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element is found in.

References

  1. ↑ Pillai-Nair N, Kim KH, Hemenway C (February 2003). "Cis-acting regulatory elements in the potato virus X 3' non-translated region differentially affect minus-strand and plus-strand RNA accumulation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 326 (3): 701–20. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01369-4. PMID   12581634.

Rfam is a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements. It is an annotated, open access database originally developed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in collaboration with Janelia Farm, and currently hosted at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Rfam is designed to be similar to the Pfam database for annotating protein families.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.