Presentation

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A speaker giving a presentation using a projector Frank Schulenburg giving a presentation at Wikimania 2011.jpg
A speaker giving a presentation using a projector

A presentation conveys information from a speaker to an audience. Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product. [1] Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing with stress, and answering questions. [2] “The key elements of a presentation consists of presenter, audience, message, reaction and method to deliver speech for organizational success in an effective manner.” [3] Presentations are widely used in tertiary work settings such as accountants giving a detailed report of a company's financials or an entrepreneur pitching their venture idea to investors. [4] [5] The term can also be used for a formal or ritualized introduction or offering, as with the presentation of a debutante. [6] Presentations in certain formats are also known as keynote [7] address. Interactive presentations, in which the audience is involved, are also represented more and more frequently. Instead of a monologue, this creates a dialogue between the speaker and the audience. The advantages of an interactive presentation is for example, that it attracts more attention from the audience and that the interaction creates a sense of community. [8]

Contents

Visual elements

A presentation program is commonly used to generate the presentation content, some of which also allow presentations to be developed collaboratively, e.g. using the Internet by geographically disparate collaborators. Presentation viewers can be used to combine content from different sources into one presentation. Some of the popular presentation products used across the globe are offered by Apple, Google and Microsoft.

Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are effective tools to develop slides, though Google Slides allows groups to work together using Google Drive to update each account as it is edited. Content such as text, images, links, and effects are added into each of the presentation programs to deliver useful, consolidated information to a group. Visual elements add to the effectiveness of a presentation and help emphasize the key points being made through the use of type, color, images/videos, graphs, layout, and transitions.

Legibility

One common means to help one convey information and the audience stay on track is through the incorporation of text in a legible font size and type. [9] According to the article "Prepare and Deliver an Effective Presentation", [10] effective presentations typically use serif fonts (e.g. Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville, etc.) for the smaller text and sans serif fonts (e.g. Helvetica, Futura, Arial, etc.) for headings and larger text. The typefaces are used along with type size to improve readability for the audience. A combination of these typefaces can also be used to create emphasis. The majority of the fonts within a presentation are kept simple to aid in readability. Font styles, like bold, italic, and underline, are used to highlight important points.

It is possible to emphasize text and still maintain its readability by using contrasting colors. For example, black words on a white background emphasize the text being displayed but still helps maintain its readability. [11] Text that contrasts with the background of a slide also enhances visibility. Readability and visibility enhance a presentation experience, which contributes to the effectiveness of it.[ citation needed ] Certain colors are also associated with specific emotions and the proper application of these colors adds to the effectiveness of a presentation through the creation of an immersive experience for an audience.

Images/videos

Large images relevant to the presentation attract an audience’s attention which in turn can clarify the topics within the presentation. Using pictures sparingly helps support other presentation elements (e.g. text). Short videos are used to help the presenter reinforce their message to the audience. With the additional reinforcement that images and videos offer, the effectiveness of a presentation may be improved.[ citation needed ]

Assessing presentations

There lacks a comprehensive list of criteria common among research studies or educational institutions in a typical presentation rubric used to assess presentations. [12] Nevertheless, De Grez et al., in consultation with experienced higher education teachers, developed a rubric composed of nine evaluative criteria, of which five dealt with one’s manner of delivery (interaction with audience, enthusiasm, eye contact, vocal delivery, and body language), three were content related (structure, quality of introduction, and conclusion), and one evaluated general professionalism. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content forms, such as writing, audio, images, animations, or video, into a single interactive presentation, in contrast to traditional mass media, such as printed material or audio recordings, which feature little to no interaction between users. Popular examples of multimedia include video podcasts, audio slideshows, and animated videos. Multimedia also contains the principles and application of effective interactive communication, such as the building blocks of software, hardware, and other technologies. The five main building blocks of multimedia are text, image, audio, video, and animation. The first building block of multimedia is the image, which dates back 15,000 to 10,000 B.C. with concrete evidence found in the Lascaux caves in France. The second building block of multimedia is writing, which was first scribed in stone or on clay tablets and was mostly about three things. Property, conquest, and religion. Writing was soon abstracted from visual images into symbols that represented the sounds we make with our mouths. Thanks to the Egyptians, writing was evolved and transferred from stone to Papyrus. A cheaper but more fragile canvas derived from strips of the papyrus root grown on the Nile River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typography</span> Art of arranging type

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line spacing, letter spacing, and spaces between pairs of letters. The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information.

Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; user interface design ; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design ; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typeface</span> Set of characters that share common design features

A typeface is a design of letters, numbers and other symbols, to be used in printing or for electronic display. Most typefaces include variations in size, weight, slope, width, and so on. Each of these variations of the typeface is a font.

Plain language is writing designed to ensure the reader understands as quickly, easily, and completely as possible. Plain language strives to be easy to read, understand, and use. It avoids verbose, convoluted language and jargon. In many countries, laws mandate that public agencies use plain language to increase access to programs and services. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities includes plain language in its definition of communication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emphasis (typography)</span> Typographical distinction

In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them. It is the equivalent of prosody stress in speech.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Information design</span> Communication and graphic design

Information design is the practice of presenting information in a way that fosters an efficient and effective understanding of the information. The term has come to be used for a specific area of graphic design related to displaying information effectively, rather than just attractively or for artistic expression. Information design is closely related to the field of data visualization and is often taught as part of graphic design courses. The broad applications of information design along with its close connections to other fields of design and communication practices have created some overlap in the definitions of communication design, data visualization, and information architecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presentation program</span> Software package used to display information in the form of a slide show

In computing, a presentation program is a software package used to display information in the form of a slide show. It has three major functions:

In typography, leading is the space between adjacent lines of type; the exact definition varies.

Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text. The concept exists in both in natural language and programming languages though in different forms. In natural language, the readability of text depends on its content and its presentation. In programming, things such as programmer comments, choice of loop structure, and choice of names can determine the ease with which humans can read computer program code.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lecture</span> Oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject

A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. Lectures are used to convey critical information, history, background, theories, and equations. A politician's speech, a minister's sermon, or even a business person's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture. Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture's content.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typography of Apple Inc.</span> Overview of typography of Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. uses a large variety of typefaces in its marketing, operating systems, and industrial design with each product cycle. These change throughout the years with Apple's change of style in their products. This is evident in the design and marketing of the company. The current logo is a white apple with a bite out of it, which was first utilized in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Checklist</span> Aide-memoire to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task

A checklist is a type of job aid used in repetitive tasks to reduce failure by compensating for potential limits of human memory and attention. Checklists are used both to ensure that safety-critical system preparations are carried out completely and in the correct order, and in less critical applications to ensure that no step is left out of a procedure. they help to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task. A basic example is the "to do list". A more advanced checklist would be a schedule, which lays out tasks to be done according to time of day or other factors, or a pre-flight checklist for an airliner, which should ensure a safe take-off.

A style sheet language, or style language, is a computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. One attractive feature of structured documents is that the content can be reused in many contexts and presented in various ways. Different style sheets can be attached to the logical structure to produce different presentations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Page layout</span> Part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page

In graphic design, page layout is the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large-print</span> Formatting of book or text document

Large-print refers to the formatting of a book or other text document in which the typeface are considerably larger than usual to accommodate people who have low vision. Frequently the medium is also increased in size to accommodate the larger text. Special-needs libraries and many public libraries will stock large-print versions of books, along with versions written in Braille.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Font</span> Particular size, weight and style of a typeface

In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font is a matched set of type, with a piece for each glyph. A typeface consists of various fonts that share an overall design.

Audiovisual education or multimedia-based education (MBE) is an instruction where particular attention is paid to the audiovisual or multimedia presentation of the material with the goal of improving comprehension and retention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Typographic Style</span> 20th century European graphic design style

The International Typographic Style is a systemic approach to graphic design that emerged during the 1930s – 1950s but continued to develop internationally. It is considered the basis of the Swiss style. It expanded on and formalized the modernist typographic innovations of the 1920s that emerged in part out of art movements such as Constructivism (Russia), De Stijl and at the Bauhaus (Germany). The International Typographic Style has had profound influence on graphic design as a part of the modernist movement, impacting many design-related fields including architecture and art. It emphasizes simplicity, clarity, readability, and objectivity. Hallmarks of the style are asymmetric layouts, use of a grid, sans-serif typefaces like Akzidenz Grotesk and Helvetica, and flush left, ragged right text. The style is also associated with a preference for photography in place of illustrations or drawings. Many of the early International Typographic Style works featured typography as a primary design element in addition to its use in text, and it is for this that the style is named. The influences of this graphic movement can still be seen in design strategy and theory to this day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Management of dyslexia</span>

Management of dyslexia depends on a multiple of variables; there is no one specific strategy or set of strategies that will work for all who have dyslexia.

References

  1. ↑ "presentation | Definition of presentation in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  2. ↑ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN   2686971 . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  3. ↑ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN   2686971 . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  4. ↑ Chandren, Sitraselvi (2016-08-22). "Action Research on Enhancing Accounting Students' Oral Presentation Skill". European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs: 189–197. doi:10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.28.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ Clark, Colin (July 2008). "The impact of entrepreneurs' oral 'pitch' presentation skills on business angels' initial screening investment decisions". Venture Capital. 10 (3): 257–279. doi:10.1080/13691060802151945. ISSN   1369-1066. S2CID   154616120.
  6. ↑ Baden Eunson: Writing and Presenting Reports. (The communication skills series), John Wiley & Sons, Australia 1998, ISBN   978-0-4713-3563-4.
  7. ↑ "keynote | Definition of keynote in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  8. ↑ "Interactive Presentations". 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  9. ↑ Don Baker, Joy. Presentation Skills: A Necessity for Perioperative Nurses. Elsevier Science for the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. OCLC   1051842838.
  10. ↑ Thawani, Rajat; Ravishankar, Arjun; Shad, Rohan (2013-12-20). "Prepare and deliver an effective presentation". BMJ. 347: f7372. doi:10.1136/sbmj.f7372. ISSN   1756-1833. S2CID   164324474.
  11. ↑ "Applying Color Theory to Digital Displays :: UXmatters". www.uxmatters.com. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
  12. ↑ Tsang, Art (March 2020). "Enhancing Learners' Awareness of Oral Presentation (Delivery) Skills in the Context of Self-Regulated Learning". Active Learning in Higher Education. 21: 39–50. doi:10.1177/1469787417731214. S2CID   149041859.
  13. ↑ De Grez, Luc; Valcke, Martin; Roozen, Irene (2012-06-28). "How effective are self- and peer assessment of oral presentation skills compared with teachers' assessments?". Active Learning in Higher Education. 13 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1177/1469787412441284. ISSN   1469-7874. S2CID   145746375.
Definition of presentations
Content (types, audience, visual)
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