Presentation

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A speaker giving a presentation using a projector Frank Schulenburg giving a presentation at Wikimania 2011.jpg
A speaker giving a presentation using a projector

A presentation conveys information from a speaker to an audience. Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product. [1] Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing with stress, and answering questions. [2] “The key elements of a presentation consists of presenter, audience, message, reaction and method to deliver speech for organizational success in an effective manner.” [3] Presentations are widely used in tertiary work settings such as accountants giving a detailed report of a company's financials or an entrepreneur pitching their venture idea to investors. [4] [5] The term can also be used for a formal or ritualized introduction or offering, as with the presentation of a debutante. [6] Presentations in certain formats are also known as keynote [7] address. Interactive presentations, in which the audience is involved, are also represented more and more frequently. Instead of a monologue, this creates a dialogue between the speaker and the audience. The advantages of an interactive presentation is for example, that it attracts more attention from the audience and that the interaction creates a sense of community. [8]

Contents

Visual elements

A presentation program is commonly used to generate the presentation content, some of which also allow presentations to be developed collaboratively, e.g. using the Internet by geographically disparate collaborators. Presentation viewers can be used to combine content from different sources into one presentation. Some of the popular presentation products used across the globe are offered by Apple, Google and Microsoft.

Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are effective tools to develop slides, both Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint allows groups to work together online to update each account as it is edited. Content such as text, images, links, and effects are added into each of the presentation programs to deliver useful, consolidated information to a group. Visual elements add to the effectiveness of a presentation and help emphasize the key points being made through the use of type, color, images/videos, graphs, layout, and transitions.

Legibility

One common means to help one convey information and the audience stay on track is through the incorporation of text in a legible font size and type. [9] According to the article "Prepare and Deliver an Effective Presentation", [10] effective presentations typically use serif fonts (e.g. Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville, etc.) for the smaller text and sans serif fonts (e.g. Helvetica, Futura, Arial, etc.) for headings and larger text. The typefaces are used along with type size to improve readability for the audience. A combination of these typefaces can also be used to create emphasis. The majority of the fonts within a presentation are kept simple to aid in readability. Font styles, like bold, italic, and underline, are used to highlight important points.

It is possible to emphasize text and still maintain its readability by using contrasting colors. For example, black words on a white background emphasize the text being displayed but still helps maintain its readability. [11] Text that contrasts with the background of a slide also enhances visibility. Readability and visibility enhance a presentation experience, which contributes to the effectiveness of it.[ citation needed ] Certain colors are also associated with specific emotions and the proper application of these colors adds to the effectiveness of a presentation through the creation of an immersive experience for an audience.

Images/videos

Large images relevant to the presentation attract an audience’s attention which in turn can clarify the topics within the presentation. Using pictures sparingly helps support other presentation elements (e.g. text). Short videos are used to help the presenter reinforce their message to the audience. With the additional reinforcement that images and videos offer, the effectiveness of a presentation may be improved.[ citation needed ]

Assessing presentations

There lacks a comprehensive list of criteria common among research studies or educational institutions in a typical presentation rubric used to assess presentations. [12] Nevertheless, De Grez et al., in consultation with experienced higher education teachers, developed a rubric composed of nine evaluative criteria, of which five dealt with one’s manner of delivery (interaction with audience, enthusiasm, eye contact, vocal delivery, and body language), three were content related (structure, quality of introduction, and conclusion), and one evaluated general professionalism. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

Multimedia refers to the integration of multiple forms of content such as text, audio, images, video, and interactive elements into a single digital platform or application. This integration allows for a more immersive and engaging experience compared to traditional single-medium content. Multimedia is utilized in various fields including education, entertainment, communication, game design, and digital art, reflecting its broad impact on modern technology and media.

The Rich Text Format is a proprietary document file format with published specification developed by Microsoft Corporation from 1987 until 2008 for cross-platform document interchange with Microsoft products. Prior to 2008, Microsoft published updated specifications for RTF with major revisions of Microsoft Word and Office versions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typography</span> Art of arranging type

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line spacing, letter spacing, and spaces between pairs of letters. The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information.

Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; user interface design ; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design ; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft PowerPoint</span> Presentation application, part of Microsoft 365

Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program, created by Robert Gaskins, Tom Rudkin and Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought, Inc. It was released on April 20, 1987, initially for Macintosh computers only. Microsoft acquired PowerPoint for about $14 million three months after it appeared. This was Microsoft's first significant acquisition, and Microsoft set up a new business unit for PowerPoint in Silicon Valley where Forethought had been located.

OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. Derived from TrueType, it retains TrueType's basic structure but adds many intricate data structures for describing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presentation program</span> Software package used to display information in the form of a slide show

In computing, a presentation program is a software package used to display information in the form of a slide show. It has three major functions:

In typography, leading is the space between adjacent lines of type; the exact definition varies.

A technical writer is a professional communicator whose task is to convey complex information in simple terms to an audience of the general public or a very select group of readers. Technical writers research and create information through a variety of delivery media. Example types of information include online help, manuals, white papers, design specifications, project plans, and software test plans. With the rise of e-learning, technical writers are increasingly hired to develop online training material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lecture</span> Oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject

A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. Lectures are used to convey critical information, history, background, theories, and equations. A politician's speech, a minister's sermon, or even a business person's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture. Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture's content.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Checklist</span> Aide-memoire to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task

A checklist is a type of job aid used in repetitive tasks to reduce failure by compensating for potential limits of human memory and attention. Checklists are used both to ensure that safety-critical system preparations are carried out completely and in the correct order, and in less critical applications to ensure that no step is left out of a procedure. they help to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task. A basic example is the "to do list". A more advanced checklist would be a schedule, which lays out tasks to be done according to time of day or other factors, or a pre-flight checklist for an airliner, which should ensure a safe take-off.

iWork Office suite of applications created by Apple Inc.

iWork is an office suite of applications created by Apple for its macOS, iPadOS, and iOS operating systems, and also available cross-platform through the iCloud website.

A style sheet language, or style language, is a computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. One attractive feature of structured documents is that the content can be reused in many contexts and presented in various ways. Different style sheets can be attached to the logical structure to produce different presentations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambria (typeface)</span> Serif font family

Cambria is a transitional serif typeface commissioned by Microsoft and distributed with Windows and Office. It was designed by Dutch typeface designer Jelle Bosma in 2004, with input from Steve Matteson and Robin Nicholas. It is intended as a serif font that is suitable for body text, that is very readable printed small or displayed on a low-resolution screen and has even spacing and proportions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Page layout</span> Part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page

In graphic design, page layout is the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Management of dyslexia</span>

Management of dyslexia depends on a multitude of variables; there is no one specific strategy or set of strategies that will work for all who have dyslexia.

Ascender Corporation was a digital typeface foundry and software development company in the Chicago suburb of Elk Grove Village, Illinois. It was founded in 2004 by a team of software developers, typographers, and people previously involved in developing fonts used widely in computers, inkjet printers, phones, and other digital technology devices. On December 8, 2010, Ascender Corp. was acquired by Monotype Imaging.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CSS</span> Style sheet language

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for specifying the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Ignite</span> Annual conference for developers and IT professionals

Microsoft Ignite is an annual conference for developers, IT professionals and partners, hosted by Microsoft. The first conference, then known as TechEd, happened in 1993 in Orlando, Florida, United States.

Presentation programs for preparing and delivering online video presentations have a place in educational instruction. They enable presentation of teaching materials in the form of a slide show or as a screencast. Among such packages Microsoft PowerPoint is the most widely used in instructional contexts. The live instructor retains a vital role in delivering the presentation.

References

  1. ↑ "presentation | Definition of presentation in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  2. ↑ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN   2686971 . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  3. ↑ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN   2686971 . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  4. ↑ Chandren, Sitraselvi (2016-08-22). "Action Research on Enhancing Accounting Students' Oral Presentation Skill". European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs: 189–197. doi:10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.28.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ Clark, Colin (July 2008). "The impact of entrepreneurs' oral 'pitch' presentation skills on business angels' initial screening investment decisions". Venture Capital. 10 (3): 257–279. doi:10.1080/13691060802151945. ISSN   1369-1066. S2CID   154616120.
  6. ↑ Baden Eunson: Writing and Presenting Reports. (The communication skills series), John Wiley & Sons, Australia 1998, ISBN   978-0-4713-3563-4.
  7. ↑ "keynote | Definition of keynote in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  8. ↑ "Interactive Presentations". 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  9. ↑ Don Baker, Joy. Presentation Skills: A Necessity for Perioperative Nurses. Elsevier Science for the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. OCLC   1051842838.
  10. ↑ Thawani, Rajat; Ravishankar, Arjun; Shad, Rohan (2013-12-20). "Prepare and deliver an effective presentation". BMJ. 347: f7372. doi:10.1136/sbmj.f7372. ISSN   1756-1833. S2CID   164324474.
  11. ↑ "Applying Color Theory to Digital Displays :: UXmatters". www.uxmatters.com. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
  12. ↑ Tsang, Art (March 2020). "Enhancing Learners' Awareness of Oral Presentation (Delivery) Skills in the Context of Self-Regulated Learning". Active Learning in Higher Education. 21: 39–50. doi:10.1177/1469787417731214. S2CID   149041859.
  13. ↑ De Grez, Luc; Valcke, Martin; Roozen, Irene (2012-06-28). "How effective are self- and peer assessment of oral presentation skills compared with teachers' assessments?". Active Learning in Higher Education. 13 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1177/1469787412441284. ISSN   1469-7874. S2CID   145746375.
Definition of presentations
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