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| Location | Germany |
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| Coordinates | 49°24′35″N8°41′19″E / 49.40977°N 8.688748°E Coordinates: 49°24′35″N8°41′19″E / 49.40977°N 8.688748°E |
| Website | prinzhorn |
  Location of Prinzhorn Collection | |
The Prinzhorn Collection is a German collection of art made by mental health patients, housed at the Heidelberg University Hospital. [1] The collection comprises over 20,000 works, including works by Emma Hauck, Agnes Richter and August Natterer. [1] [2] [3]
The collection was founded by the psychiatrist Karl Wilmanns and his assistant, doctor Hans Prinzhorn, in the early 1920s. [1] [4] Between 1919 and 1921 the pair visited mental hospitals across Germany, initially collecting over 5000 works. [4] [5] [2] As of 2016, the collection held over 20,000 works. [5] Prinzhorn, a physician and art historian, was engaged by the hospital in 1919 specifically to improve and expand the collection. [6]
Works from the collection were included in Entartete Kunst, the famous 1937 Nazi exhibition of 'degenerate' art. [6] Following the war, the collection, largely neglected, was stored in the attic of the hospital. [6] In 1973 a conservation effort was undertaken that led to the restoration and cataloguing of the collection. [6]
The collection was influential on the practice of the artist Jean Dubuffet, who visited it in 1950. [7] Writing to Henri Matisse, Dubuffet described it as "something I have dreamt of for years." [8]
In 2001 the collection was opened to the public as the Sammlung Prinzhorn Museum. [9]
Outsider art is art made by self-taught or supposedly naïve artists with typically little or no contact with the conventions of the art worlds. In many cases, their work is discovered only after their deaths. Often, outsider art illustrates extreme mental states, unconventional ideas, or elaborate fantasy worlds.
Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was a French painter and sculptor. His idealistic approach to aesthetics embraced so-called "low art" and eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making. He is perhaps best known for founding the art movement art brut, and for the collection of works—Collection de l'art brut—that this movement spawned. Dubuffet enjoyed a prolific art career, both in France and in America, and was featured in many exhibitions throughout his lifetime.
Hans Prinzhorn was a German psychiatrist and art historian.
Artistry of the Mentally Ill: a contribution to the psychology and psychopathology of configuration is a 1922 book by psychiatrist Hans Prinzhorn, known as the work that launched the field of psychiatric art. It was the first attempt to analyze the drawings of the mentally ill not merely psychologically, but also aesthetically.
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler was a German painter of the avant-garde whose works were banned as "degenerate art", and in some cases destroyed, in Nazi Germany. She became mentally ill and was murdered in a former psychiatric institution at Sonnenstein castle in Pirna under Action T4, a forced euthanasia program of Nazi Germany. Since 2000, a memorial center for the T4 program in the house commemorates her life and work in a permanent exhibition.
The Socialist Patients' Collective is a patients' collective founded in Heidelberg, West Germany, in February 1970, by Wolfgang Huber. The kernel of the SPK's ideological program is summated in the slogan, "Turn illness into a weapon", which is representative of an ethos that is continually and actively practiced under the new title, Patients' Front/Socialist Patients' Collective, PF/SPK(H). The first collective, SPK, declared its self-dissolution in July 1971 as a strategic withdrawal but in 1973 Huber proclaimed the continuity of SPK as Patients' Front.
Rebecca Alban Hoffberger is the founder and director of the American Visionary Art Museum, America's official national museum for outsider art, located in Baltimore, Maryland. A colorful public figure, she has been called “the P. T. Barnum of the outsider art world“.
The Austen Riggs Center is a psychiatric treatment facility in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. It was founded by Austen Fox Riggs in 1913 as the Stockbridge Institute for the Study and Treatment of Psychoneuroses before being renamed in honor of Austen Riggs on July 21, 1919.
The Maria Gugging Psychiatric Clinic was a psychiatric institution located in the suburb of Maria Gugging on the outskirts of Vienna, Austria. During the Nazi era hundreds of mental patients were murdered or abused at Gugging as part of the Nazi Aktion T4 program.
Norristown State Hospital, originally known as the State Lunatic Hospital at Norristown, is an active state-funded psychiatric hospital located outside the city of Philadelphia in suburban Norristown, Pennsylvania. It was originally designed between 1878 and 1880, by the local firm of Wilson Brothers & Company; of which, the original structure was set in a red brick Victorian High Gothic motif. It remains active for its originally clinical intention, and currently serving Bucks County, Chester County, Delaware County, Montgomery County and Philadelphia County, providing clinical services in General Psychiatry and Forensic Psychiatry. Additionally, there are various agencies that sublet state hospital buildings for a variety of psychiatric, residential and social services. These agencies currently make up the majority of services that are offered on the grounds of the hospital.
Paul Gösch, also Goesch or Göschen, was a German artist, architect, lithographer, and designer of the early twentieth century; he was associated with the main elements of German Expressionism.
Heinrich Anton Müller was a Swiss outsider artist and painter.
Edward Adamson was a British artist, "the father of Art Therapy in Britain", and the creator of the Adamson Collection.
Angelika Platen is a German photographer known internationally for her portraits of artists.
Agnes Richter (1844–1918) was a Victorian-era seamstress who is remembered for an embroidered jacket she made while being held in Heidelberg psychiatric hospital.
Sonja Gerstner was an East German artist and writer. She died young, after which publication by her mother of a book containing some of her poems, diary entries and other writings covering treatment she had received for her psychotic illness brought her to the attention of an audience beyond the usual confines of the arts and literature establishment.
Susana Noriega Rivero is a contemporary Mexican painter, whose style is personal and avant-garde which is inscribed in the abstract expressionist and surrealist movements. Her art often expresses extreme mental states, unconventional ideas, or elaborate fantasy worlds.
Armin Andreas Pangerl is a German painter, author and exhibition maker.
Emma Hauck was a German outsider artist known for her artistic, handwritten letters to her husband while she was institutionalized in a mental hospital. Though these letters were never delivered, they have since come to be regarded as works of art due to their abstraction and repetitive content. In many cases the letters consist of only the words "Come sweetheart" or "Come" written over and over in flowing script.
Gabriele Henkel, was a German art collector, art patron, author and artist. She was married to Konrad Henkel, the long-standing head of the Henkel Group.
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