An inquisitorial system is a legal system in which the court, or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case. This is distinct from an adversarial system, in which the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense. Inquisitorial systems are used primarily in countries with civil legal systems, such as France and Italy, or legal systems based on Islamic law like Saudi Arabia, rather than in common law systems. It is the prevalent legal system in Continental Europe, Latin America, African countries not formerly under British rule, East Asia, Indochina, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Most countries with an inquisitorial system also have some form of civil code as their main source of law.
Ludwig II was the count of Württemberg from 1158 to 1181.
Christian Friedrich von Glück was a German jurist.
Simon Corcoran is a British ancient historian and lecturer in ancient history within the School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University.
Willi Geiger (22 May 1909 in Neustadt an der Weinstraße – 19 January 1994 in Karlsruhe) was a German judge. He was president of the Federal Court of Justice of Germany and Associate Justice in the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
The Institutes is a beginners' textbook on Roman private law written around 161 CE by the classical Roman jurist Gaius. The Institutes are considered to be "by far the most influential elementary-systematic presentation of Roman private law in late antiquity, the Middle Ages and modern times". The content of the textbook was considered to be lost until 1816, when a manuscript of it − probably of the 5th century − was discovered.
Johann IV, Count of Katzenelnbogen was one of the last members of the younger line of the House of Katzenelnbogen. He ruled the reunited County of Katzenelnbogen.
The Imperial Military Constitution was the collection of military laws of the Holy Roman Empire. Like the rest of the imperial constitution, it grew out of various laws and governed the establishment of military forces within the Empire. It was the basis for the establishment of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, which was under the supreme command of the Emperor but was distinct from his Imperial Army, as it could only be deployed by the Imperial Diet. The last Imperial Defence Order (Reichsdefensionalordnung), entitled Reichsgutachten in puncto securitatis, of 13/23 May 1681, completed the military constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.
The itio in partes was a procedure of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire between 1648 and 1806. In this procedure, the members of the diet divided into two bodies (corpora), the Corpus Evangelicorum and the Corpus Catholicorum, irrespective of the colleges to which they otherwise belonged. That is, the Protestant (Evangelical) members of the College of Electors, the College of Princes and the College of Cities gathered together separately from the Catholic members of the same. The two bodies then negotiated with each other, but debated and voted among themselves. A decision was reached only when both bodies agreed. The itio in partes could be invoked whenever there was a unanimous vote of one body. At first, it could only be invoked in matters affecting religion, but gradually this requirement was dropped.
Käthe Petersen was a German National Socialist lawyer and social politician. From 1923 to 1926, Petersen studied law and political science, psychology and economics at the universities of Giessen, Freiburg in Breisgau and Hamburg. Petersen then embarked on the higher administrative career and was employed in Hamburg as an assessor in the legal department of the Social Welfare Authority in 1932, then, in 1937, Petersen was a deputy director of the welfare department in the Hamburg Social Administration, was promoted to Senate Councilor there in 1939 and took over this year the management of health and vulnerable care. She was involved in the creation and development of social assistance law, the section "Vulnerability" in the Federal Social Assistance Act (BSHG) being conceptualized by Petersen. Petersen was considered a proponent of a never enacted preservation law, which was to regulate the legal basis for the forced placement of so-called "asocials" and "inferiors." The practice of collective guardianship practiced in Hamburg was already criticized during the Nazi era, since a legal loophole would be exploited for the incapacitation of prostitutes by means of the abusively used argument of "mental weakness," according to a J. Enge. Petersen, however, responded to these concerns by arguing that the incapacitation of prostitutes according to the method practiced in Hamburg was lawful on the basis of case law on the part of the competent courts.
Arnold Buchthal was a German lawyer, a translator at the Nuremberg trials and a State's attorney in Frankfurt.
Ellen Widder is a German historian.
Tycho Quirinus Mrsich was a German scholar of Ancient Egyptian law.
Tamara Scheer is an Austrian historian. Scheer studied history at the University of Vienna and achieved her doctorate in 2006 at the same university. Since then she taught and worked at several institutions: from 2010 to 2012 Post-Doc-Head of the Doctoral School and ÖAD-Fellow at Andrássy University Budapest, FWF-Hertha-Firnberg-Fellow at Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Historical Social Science (2013-2017). Short-Term Fellowships brought her to Trinity College Dublin (2014), Czech Academy of Sciences (2016) European University Institut Florence (2017/18), and the University of Oslo (2018).
Gerhard Menk was a German historian and archivist.
Anton Schindling was a German historian. He held chairs at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (1985–1987), the University of Osnabrück (1987–1995) and the University of Tübingen (1995–2015). Thematically he worked on the history of education, the age of Confessionalization and the Holy Roman Empire. He was one of the leading early modern researchers in Germany.
The Fragmenta Vaticana are the fragments of an anonymous Latin work on Roman law written in the 4th century AD. Their importance to scholars stems from their being untouched by the Justinianic reforms of the 6th century.
Jean-François Marie Joseph Louis Lemarignier was a French medieval historian.
The Oberappellationsgericht der vier Freien Städte, since 1867 the Oberappellationsgericht der Freien Hansestädte, seated in Lübeck was an appeals court of the German Confederation and the North German Confederation with territorial jurisdiction for Bremen, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Lübeck. Frankfurt was removed from the court's jurisdiction in 1867 after its annexation by Prussia. In 1870 the court lost its subject-matter jurisdiction for commercial law to the Reichsoberhandelsgericht and was altogether abolished in 1879.
Jacob Venedey was a German revolutionary, journalist and writer.