Proser1

Last updated
Proser1
Identifiers
Aliases 2810046L04Rik9330161F11proline and serine rich 1
External IDs HomoloGene: 13463 GeneCards:
Gene location (Human)
Ideogram human chromosome 3.svg
Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)
Human chromosome 3 ideogram.svg
HSR 1996 II 3.5e.svg
Red rectangle 2x18.png
Band 3|3 CStart53,463,666 bp
End53,481,755 bp
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_173382

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_775558

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 53.46 – 53.48 Mb n/a
PubMed search [1] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

PROSER1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROSER1 gene. [2]

Protein biological molecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

Gene Basic physical and functional unit of heredity

In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.

Contents

Nomenclature

PROSER1 has several aliases: C13orf23, KIAA2032, and proline and serine-rich protein 1. [3] [4]

Gene

Location of PROSER1 on chromosome 13. Location of gene on chromosome 13.png
Location of PROSER1 on chromosome 13.

Location

PROSER1 is located on the negative (reverse) strand of chromosome 13 at position 13q13.3. It spans from 39,009,865 base pairs from the pter to 39,038,095 bp from the pter, with a size of 28,231 bases. [5] PROSER1 has a total of 13 exons in its primary unspliced transcript mRNA of 5,185 bp. There are 2 isoforms of PROSER1, both within the 5,000 bp range. [6]

Chromosome 13 human chromosome

Chromosome 13 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 13 spans about 114 million base pairs and represents between 3.5 and 4% of the total DNA in cells.

Gene neighborhood

Genes STOML3 and NHLRC3 neighbor PROSER1 on chromosome 13. [7]

Tissue distribution

Diagram depicting the level of expression of PROSER1 in various parts of the human body. PROSER1 EST.png
Diagram depicting the level of expression of PROSER1 in various parts of the human body.

Expressed Sequence Tag mapping of PROSER1 expression shows that it has particularly high expression in lymph, embryonic tissue, thymus, and uterus sites. It has moderate expression in testis, larynx, nerve, blood, and adipose tissue sites. [8] According to the Human Protein Atlas, PROSER1 has general cytoplasmic expression and is expressed in all RNA tissue categories. [9]

Homology

Paralogs

PROSER1 has no paralogs. [10]

Orthologs

PROSER1 is highly conserved among mammals. It is less highly conserved, though has been found, in fish, birds, and some invertebrates. It is not expressed in bacteria, plants, or fungi. [11] Show below is table of orthologs compiled from NCBI.

Latin name Common name Date of divergence (from H. sapiens) Accession number Protein sequence length Sequence identity Sequence similarity
Homo sapiens Human - NP_079414.3 944 amino acids - -
Gorilla gorilla Gorilla 8.9 million years ago XP_004054459 994 aa 99% 99%
Colobus angolensis palliatus Angola colobus 29.1 MYA XP_011798372 947 aa 97% 97%
Nannospalax galili Spalax 90.9 MYA XP_008847583 916 aa 80% 85%
Cricetulus griseus Chinese Hamster 90.9 MYA XP_007626898 912 aa 79% 84%
Panthera tigris altaica Siberian Tiger 97.5 MYA XP_007097793 665 aa 85% 89%
Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah 97.5 MYA XP_014926409 770 aa 79% 83%
Tursiops truncatus Common Bottlenose Dolphin 97.5 MYA XP_004332367 1064 aa 77% 83%
Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus 179.2 MYA XP_007666895 888 aa 69% 74%
Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle 320.5 MYA XP_007070970 936 aa 75% 83%
Pygoscelis adeliae Adelie Penguin 320.5 MYA XP_009318201 938 aa 75% 83%
Calidris (philomachus) pugnax Ruff 320.5 MYA XP_014821534 899 aa 74% 83%
Chrysemys picta bellii Painted Turtle 320.5 MYA XP_008175998 825 aa 73% 82%
Aquila chrysaetos Canadensis Golden Deagle 320.5 MYA XP_011579121 916 aa 73% 81%
Alligator sinensis Chinese Alligator 320.5 MYA XP_014376376 940 aa 72% 81%
Gekko japonicus Japanese Gecko 320.5 MYA XP_015281837 1053 aa 65% 75%
Python bivittatus Burmese Python 320.5 MYA XP_007438154 924 aa 65% 75%
Anolis carolinensis Carolina Anole 320.5 MYA XP_008124125 920 aa 64% 75%
Xenopus tropicalis Western Clawed Frog 355.7 MYA XP_012813331 944 aa 51% 63%
Lepisosteus oculatus Spotted Gar 429.6 MYA XP_015197497 885 aa 47% 58%
Callorhinchus milii Australian Ghost Shark 482.9 MYA XP_007889503 965 aa 64% 75%

Protein

General properties

The translated PROSER1 protein is 944 amino acids long. Its predicted molecular weight is 95.7 kdal. [12] PROSER1 has an isoelectric point of 9. [13] It is predicted to be localized to the nucleus. [14]

Composition

The sequence is rich in proline and serine and not particularly low in any other amino acids.

Domains

PROSER1 contains one domain of unknown function, DUF 4476, part of pfam14771. The DUF spans from amino acids 26 to 121. The molecular weight of DUF 4476 is 11.1 kdal.

Detailed location of DUF 4476 on PROSER1. Location of DUF.png
Detailed location of DUF 4476 on PROSER1.

Secondary structure

PROSER1 is composed primarily of alpha helices, beta sheets, and coils. The protein is largely coiled. The DUF is composed mainly of alpha helices and coils. It has slightly fewer beta sheets compared to the protein as a whole. [15]

Related Research Articles

Proline-rich 12 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Proline-rich 12 (PRR12) is a protein of unknown function encoded by the gene PRR12.

QSER1 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Glutamine Serine Rich Protein 1 or QSER1 is a protein encoded by the QSER1 gene.

CCDC144A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 144A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC144A gene. An alias of this gene is called KIAA0565. There are four members of the CCDC family: CCDC 144A, 144B, 144C and putative CCDC 144 N-terminal like proteins.

FAM203B protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Family with Sequence Similarity 203, Member B (FAM203B) is a protein encoded by the FAM203B gene (8q24.3) in humans. While FAM203B is only found in humans and possibly non-human primates, its paralog, FAM203A, is highly conserved. The FAM203B protein contains two conserved domains of unknown function, DUF383 and DUF384, and no transmembrane domains. This protein has no known function yet, although the homolog of FAM203A in Caenorhabditis elegans (Y54H5A.2) is thought to help regulate the actin cytoskeleton.

C6orf165 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chromosome 6 open reading frame 165 (C6orf165) is a gene that in humans encodes a protein “DUF3508”. This protein has a function that is not currently very well understood. Other known aliases are “dJ382I10.1, UPF0704 Protein C6orf165.” In humans, the gene coding sequence is 56,501 base pairs long, with an mRNA of 2,215 base pairs, and a protein sequence of 622 amino acids. The C6orf165 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, mosquito, frog, and more C6orf165 is rarely expressed in humans, with relatively high expression in brain, lungs(trachea) and testis. The molecular weight of UPF0704 is 71,193 Da and the PI is 6.38

CCDC47 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Coiled-coil domain 47 (CCDC47) is a gene located on human chromosome 17, specifically locus 17q23.3 which encodes for the protein CCDC47. The gene has several aliases including GK001 and MSTP041. The protein itself contains coiled-coil domains, the SEEEED superfamily, a domain of unknown function (DUF1682) and a transmembrane domain. The function of the protein is unknown, but it has been proposed that CCDC47 is involved in calcium ion homeostasis and the endoplasmic reticulum overload response.

FAM167A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Family with sequence similarity 167, member A is a protein in humans that is encoded by the FAM167A gene located on chromosome 8. FAM167A and its paralogs are protein encoding genes containing the conserved domain DUF3259, a protein of unknown function. FAM167A has many orthologs in which the domain of unknown function is highly conserved.

KIAA1841 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

KIAA1841 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as KIAA1841. KIAA1841 is targeted for the nucleus and it predicted to play a role in regulating transcription.

FAM63A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Family with sequence similarity 63, member A is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM63A gene. It is located on the minus strand of chromosome 1 at locus 1q21.3.

C5orf34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5orf34 gene (5p12).

C16orf96 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

C16orf96, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 96, is a protein in humans that is encoded by C16orf96 that is found on the 16th chromosome. In Homo sapiens, the protein is 1141 amino acids in length

PROSER2, also known as proline and serine rich 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROSER2 gene. PROSER2, or c10orf47(Chromosome 10 open reading frame 47), is found in band 14 of the short arm of chromosome 10 (10p14) and contains a highly conserved SARG domain. It is a fast evolving gene with two paralogs, c1orf116 and specifically androgen-regulated gene protein isoform 1. The PROSER2 protein has a currently uncharacterized function however, in humans, it may play a role in cell cycle regulation, reproductive functioning, and is a potential biomarker of cancer.

GPATCH11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the G-patch domain containing protein 11 gene. The gene has four transcript variants encoding two functional protein isoforms and is expressed in most human tissues. The protein has been found to interact with several other proteins, including two from a splicing pathway. In addition, GPATCH11 has orthologs in all taxa of the eukarya domain.

PRR29 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

PRR29 is a protein located on human chromosome 17 that in humans is encoded by the PRR29 gene.

Coiled-coil domain containing protein 180 (CCDC180) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC180 gene. This protein is known to localize to the nucleus and is thought to be involved in regulation of transcription as are many proteins containing coiled-coil domains. As it is expressed most highly in the testes and is regulated by SRY and SOX transcription factors, it could be involved in sex determination.

C14orf93 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the C14orf93 gene. It is a globular protein with a conserved C-terminus that is localized to the nucleus. While expressed relatively highly in all tissues except nervous tissue, it is expressed particularly highly in T cells and other immune tissues.

FAM231B, or family with sequence similarity 231B, is a protein found in humans and is encoded by FAM231B gene. Orthologs of FAM231B are only found back to primates.

C8orf58 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chromosome 8 open reading frame 58 is an uncharacterised protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orf58 gene. The protein is predicted to be localized in the nucleus.

C21orf58 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.

LOC101059915 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

LOC101059915 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the LOC101059915 gene. It is located on the X chromosome and has restricted expression in the testis.

References

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  3. "BioCompare". BioCompare.
  4. "Ensembl". Ensembl.
  5. "GeneCards". Human Gene Database.
  6. "NCBI Gene". NCBI.
  7. "NCBI Gene". NCBI.
  8. "Uniprot". Uniprot.
  9. "Tissue Atlas". The Human Protein Atlas.
  10. "Ensembl". Ensembl.
  11. "Ensembl". Ensembl.
  12. "Uniprot". Uniprot.
  13. "Expasy". Expasy.
  14. "PSORT II Prediction". PSORT II.
  15. "SDSC Biology Workbench". SDSC.