Prosper was born in the 1270s. He was sent by his order to study theology at the University of Paris. He served the order as a lector at Milan before returning to Paris to complete his studies. He became a Master of Theology in March 1316. In 1318, he was appointed examiner of the Augustinian schools in Italy.[2] By 1321, he was the regent of the Augustinian studium generale in Bologna, where he taught until his death in 1332 or 1333.[3]
Prosper's notebook survives in the Vatican Library, where it has been bound together with his extensive but incomplete commentary on the Sentences as Vat. lat. 1086. Marginal notes were added later in the 14th century.[4] A citation of his commentary is also found in Thomas of Strasbourg's commentary.[5] His notebook contains reports (reportationes) of various quodlibeta, including his own.[6]
Like Durand of Saint-Pourçain, Prosper attacked the then reigning theory of cognitive habits.[7] Rather than see such habits as entities in the intellect, he views them as products of the "imaginative" or "ostensive" power of the soul to "show" things to the intellect.[8]
↑ Hartman 2018, p.229, defines "cognitive habits" in this way: "Once [someone] has thought some proposition or about some object, he comes to acquire something such that he is then able to think that proposition or about that object when he wants, and he can, all other things being equal, do this with more ease than he could before. This 'something' that he comes to acquire medieval philosophers called a cognitive habit."
Courtenay, William J. (2007). "Reflections on Vat. Lat. 1086 and Prosper of Reggio Emilia, O.E.S.A.". In Christopher Schabel (ed.). Theological Quodlibeta in the Middle Ages: The Fourteenth Century. Brill. pp.345–357.
Hartman, Peter John (2018). "Are Cognitive Habits in the Intellect? Durand of St.-Pourçain and Prosper de Reggio Emilia on Cognitive Habits". In Nicolas Faucher; Magali Roques (eds.). The Ontology, Psychology and Axiology of Habits (Habitus) in Medieval Philosophy. Springer. pp.229–244.
Schabel, Christopher; Courtenay, William J. (2007). "Augustinian Quodlibeta After Giles of Rome". In Christopher Schabel (ed.). Theological Quodlibeta in the Middle Ages: The Fourteenth Century. Brill. pp.545–568.
William of Ockham or Occam was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. William is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on the 10th of April.
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Pasteur de Sarrats was a French Franciscan friar, bishop and Cardinal. He was born in the village of Aubenas in the Vivarais, or he took his monastic vows in the monastery of Aubenas. Pasteur may have had a brother. A bull of Benedict XII, dated 13 April 1337, grants the parish church of S. Martin de Valle Gorgia in the diocese of Viviers to Pierre de Serraescuderio, Canon of Viviers since 1333, who held a parish of S. Pierre de Melon in the diocese of Uzès. Pasteur died in Avignon in 1356.
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