Editor | Jinvijay |
---|---|
Original title | पुरातन प्रबंध संग्रह |
Country | India |
Language | Sanskrit |
Subject | Collection of legendary anecdotes and biographies |
Genre | Prabandha |
Publication date | 1936 |
The Puratana Prabandha Sangraha ("Collection of Old Prabandhas") is a collection of Sanskrit-language legendary biographies and anecdotes written by multiple Jain authors of India. It was edited by the Jain monk Jinvijay from several manuscripts, and published by the Adhisthata Singhi Jain Jnanapith (Calcutta) in 1936. [1]
The earliest manuscript in the compilation is dated 1290 VS (1233 CE). It is said to have been written by Jinabhadra, a disciple of Udayaprabha and a monk of Nagendra Gaccha. It was commissioned by a minister named Jayatasimha, who was the son of Vastupala. [2]
One of the legends included in the collection is Prithviraja Prabandha, which describes the life of the 12th century Chahamana king Prithviraja III. The Prithviraja Prabandha contains 40 lines of prose in addition to two 6-line verses. [1]
Although a Puratana Prabandha Sangraha manuscript is dated 1471 CE, its portion containing Prithviraja Prabandha was written by another scribe. Therefore, Prithviraja Prabandha cannot be dated with certainty. The language of the text features Persian and vernacular elements, which indicates that it was written at a later date. [1]
Some portions of the manuscript are damaged, and the meaning of some passes is not clear. [1]
The text describes Prithviraj's legend as follows:
Prithviraja III, popularly known as Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai Pithora, was a king from the Chauhan (Chahamana) dynasty who ruled the territory of Sapadalaksha, with his capital at Ajmer in present-day Rajasthan. Ascending the throne as a minor in 1177 CE, Prithviraj inherited a kingdom which stretched from Thanesar in the north to Jahazpur (Mewar) in the south, which he aimed to expand by military actions against neighbouring kingdoms, most notably defeating the Chandelas.
The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 between the Ghurid forces of Muhammad Ghuri and the Rajput Confederacy of Prithviraj Chauhan. It took place near Tarain, which is 110 kilometres (68 mi), north of Delhi. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the invading Ghurids and their successful penetration in north Indian plain.
Lal Kot or Qila Rai Pithora is a fortified complex in present-day Delhi, which includes the Qutb Minar complex. It was constructed in the reign of Tomara king Anangpal Tomar between c. 1052 - c.1060 CE. It is termed as the "First city of Delhi". Remains of the fort walls are scattered across South Delhi, visible in present Saket, Mehrauli around Qutb complex, Sanjay Van, Kishangarh and Vasant Kunj areas.
The Prithviraj Raso is a Braj language epic poem about the life of Prithviraj Chauhan. It is attributed to Chand Bardai, who according to the text, was a court poet of the king.
Samyukta, also known as Sanyogita or Sanjukta, was the daughter of Jaichand, the King of Kannauj, and one of three wives of Prithviraj Chauhan. The love between Prithviraj and Samyukta is one of India's most popular medieval romances, composed by Chand Bardai in Prithviraj Raso.
The First Battle of Tarain, also spelt as the First Battle of Taraori, was fought in 1191 between the invading Ghurid army led by Muhammad of Ghor and the Rajput Confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan, near Tarain. The battle ended in decisive victory for the Rajputs; however, Muhammad of Ghor managed to escape and returned to Ghazni.
Muni Jinvijayji was a scholar of orientalism, archeology, indology and Jainism from India.
The Chahamanas of Shakambhari, colloquially known as the Chauhans of Sambhar or Chauhans of Ajmer, were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Rajasthan and neighbouring areas in India, between the 6th and 12th centuries. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha. They were the most prominent ruling family of the Chahamana (Chauhan) Rajput clan.
Someshvara was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty and ruled parts of present-day Rajasthan in north-western India. He was brought up at the Chaulukya court in Gujarat by his maternal relatives. After death of Prithviraja II, the Chahamana ministers brought him to the capital Ajmer and appointed him as the new king. He is said to have commissioned several Shiva temples in Ajmer, and is best known as the father of Prithviraja III.
Vigraharāja IV, also known as and also Visaladev was a king from the Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty in north-western India, and is generally considered as one of the greatest rulers of the dynasty. He turned the Chahamana kingdom into an empire by subduing the neighbouring kingdoms of Chaulukya, Naddula, and Tomara kingdoms. He also repulsed Muslim invasions, from the Ghaznavid ruler Bahram Shah and defeated Khusrau Shah in Vigraharaja IV's first war against the Muslims.
Ajayaraja II was an Indian king belonging to the Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the Sapadalaksha country, which included parts of present-day Rajasthan in north-western India. He defeated the Paramaras of Malwa, and also repulsed the Ghaznavid invasions after losing some part of his territory to them. The establishment of the Ajmer city is attributed to him.
Hammira Mahakavya is a 15th-century Indian Sanskrit epic poem written by the Jain scholar Nayachandra Suri. It is a legendary biography of the 13th century Chahamana king Hammira. While not entirely accurate from a historical point-of-view, the text provides valuable information about the medieval history of north-western India.
Prithviraja Vijaya is an eulogistic Sanskrit epic poem on the life of the Indian Chahamana king Prithviraja III. It is believed to have been composed around 1191-1192 CE by Jayanaka, a Kashmiri poet-historian in the court of Prithviraja.
Prabandha is a literary genre of medieval Indian Sanskrit literature. The prabandhas contain semi-historical anecdotes about the lives of famous persons. They were written primarily by Jain scholars of western India from 13th century onwards. The prabandhas feature colloquial Sanskrit with vernacular expressions, and contain elements of folklore.
Udaya-simha was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura. The most powerful king of his dynasty, he overthrew the Chaulukya suzerainty, and became a sovereign ruler. However, some years later, he faced an invasion from the Delhi Sultanate, and became a tributary to the Sultan Iltutmish.
Vastupāla was a prime minister of the Vāghelā king Vīradhavala and his successor Vīsaladeva, who ruled in what is now the Gujarat region of India, in the early 13th century. Although he served in an administrative and military capacity, he was also a patron of art, literature and public works. He, together with his brother Tejapāla, assisted in the restoration of peace in the kingdom, and served in a number of campaigns against Lāṭa, Godraha, Kutch and the Delhi Sultanate. The brothers were instrumental in the construction of the Luniga-vasahi temple on Mount Abu and the Vastupala-vihara on Girnar.
Prabandha-Chintamani is an Indian Sanskrit-language collection of prabandhas. It was compiled in c. 1304 CE, in the Vaghela kingdom of present-day Gujarat, by Jain scholar Merutunga.
Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha is a 13th century Sanskrit-language collection of stories (prabandhas) from India. An anonymous work, it features stories about several Jain authors and royal patrons, mainly from the Chaulukya kingdom of present-day Gujarat.
Udaya-prabha Sūri was a Jain monk and writer from the Vaghela kingdom of present-day India. He was a member of the literary circle of the minister Vastupala, and wrote several Sanskrit-language works.
Someshvara was a 13th-century hereditary priest and Sanskrit poet in the Chaulukya and Vaghela courts of present-day Gujarat, India. He was a close friend of the minister Vastupala, and there are several legendary prabandha anecdotes about the two men.