QARMA (from Qualcomm ARMAuthenticator [1] ) is a lightweight tweakable block cipher primarily known for its use in the ARMv8 architecture for protection of software as a cryptographic hash for the Pointer Authentication Code. [2] The cipher was proposed by Roberto Avanzi in 2016. [2] [3] Two versions of QARMA are defined: QARMA-64 (64-bit block size with a 128-bit encryption key) and QARMA-128 (128-bit block size with a 256-bit key). The design of the QARMA was influenced by PRINCE and MANTIS. [3] The cipher is intended for fully-unrolled hardware implementations with low latency (like memory encryption). Unlike the XTS mode, the address can be directly used as a tweak and does not need to be whitened with the block encryption first.
QARMA is an Even–Mansour cipher using three stages, with whitening keys w0 and w1 XORed in between:
All keys are derived from the master encryption key K using specialisation:
The data is split into 16 cells (4-bit nibbles for QARMA-64, 8-bit bytes for QARMA-128). Internal state also contains 16 cells, arranged in a 4x4 matrix, and is initialized by plaintext (XORed with w0). In each round of , the state is transformed via operations :
The tweak for each round is updated using :
The rounds of consist of inverse operations . Central rounds, in addition to two rounds ( and ), include multiplication of the state by an involutary matrix Q.
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