 | This article or section may fail to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction .(October 2009) |
| Qu Yi | |||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 麴義 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 麴义 | ||||||
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Qu Yi (fl. 190s) was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Qu Yi was from Liang Province and was familiar with the military strategy of the Xiongnu and Qiang nomads. During this time,Yuan Shao was also expanding his influence among the Han military elites,and it was this time that Qu Yi was recruited under Yuan Shao's wing.
In the Battle of Jieqiao,Qu Yi took the high position of controlling the central army. During this battle,Qu Yi slew Yan Gang (嚴綱) and was a great asset to Yuan Shao's army. However,this would also be his downfall. It is said that Qu Yi was arrogant and was purged by Yuan Shao.
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms ,Qu Yi was killed in the Battle of Jieqiao by Zhao Yun during the counterattack by Gongsun Zan's army. In reality,Zhao Yun and Qu Yi never had a chance to meet one another as Qu Yi had already been executed by Yuan Shao at that time. Qu Yi's importance in history was downplayed in the novel to enhance the importance of other characters.
The Three Kingdoms from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the states of Wei,Shu,and Wu. The Three Kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty and was followed by the Jin dynasty. The short-lived Yan kingdom in the Liaodong Peninsula,which lasted from 237 to 238,is sometimes considered as a "4th kingdom".
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is set in the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history,starting in 169 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280 by Western Jin. The novel is based primarily on the Records of the Three Kingdoms (三國志),written by Chen Shou.
Sun Ce (175–200),courtesy name Bofu,was a Chinese military general,politician,and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the eldest child of Sun Jian,who was killed during the Battle of Xiangyang when Sun Ce was only 16. Sun Ce then broke away from his father's overlord,Yuan Shu,and headed to the Jiangdong region in southern China to establish his own power base there. With the help of several people,such as Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu,Sun Ce managed to lay down the foundation of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.
Zhao Yun,courtesy name Zilong (子龍),was a military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a subordinate of the northern warlord Gongsun Zan,Zhao Yun later came to serve another warlord,Liu Bei,and had since accompanied him on most of his military exploits,from the Battle of Changban (208) to the Hanzhong Campaign (217–219). He continued serving in the state of Shu Han –founded by Liu Bei in 221 –in the Three Kingdoms period and participated in the first of the Northern Expeditions until his death in 229. While many facts about Zhao Yun's life remain unclear due to limited information in historical sources,some aspects and activities in his life have been dramatised or exaggerated in folklore and fiction. In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms,he was lauded as a member of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei.
Sun Jian (155–191),courtesy name Wentai,was a Chinese military general,politician,and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He allied himself with Yuan Shu in 190 when warlords from eastern China formed a coalition to oust Dong Zhuo,a tyrannical warlord who held the puppet Emperor Xian in his power. Although he controlled neither many troops nor much land,Sun Jian's personal bravery and resourcefulness were feared by Dong Zhuo,who placed him among Yuan Shao,Yuan Shu and Liu Biao as the most influential men at that time. After the coalition disbanded in the next year,China fell into massive civil war. In 191,Sun Jian was killed in battle during an offensive campaign against Liu Biao.
Zhang Fei,courtesy name Yide,was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu,who were among the earliest to join Liu Bei,shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Zhang Fei fought in various battles on Liu Bei's side,including the Red Cliffs campaign (208–209),takeover of Yi Province (212–214),and Hanzhong Campaign (217–218). He was assassinated by his subordinates in 221 after serving for only a few months in the state of Shu Han,which was founded by Liu Bei earlier that year.
The Five Tiger Generals is a popular appellation in Chinese culture for the top five military commanders serving under one lord. Although the term does not appear in Chinese historical records and is not used officially,it has been heavily used in literature texts,folklore,as well as popular culture.
Huang Zhong,courtesy name Hansheng,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219,in which his force routed that of an enemy general,Xiahou Yuan,who was killed in action during the raid.
Xiahou Yuan,courtesy name Miaocai,was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is known for his exploits in western China in the 210s,during which he defeated Cao Cao's rivals Ma Chao and Han Sui in Liang Province and the surrounding areas,and forced several Di and Qiang tribal peoples into submission. He was killed in action at the Battle of Mount Dingjun while defending Hanzhong Commandery from attacks by a rival warlord Liu Bei. Xiahou Yuan's death was highly dramatised in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms,in which he was slain by Liu Bei's general Huang Zhong during a surprise raid.
Yan Liang was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was slain by Guan Yu at the Battle of Boma.
Xun Yu (163–212),courtesy name Wenruo,was a Chinese military official and politician who served as an adviser to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Chunyu Qiong,courtesy name Zhongjian,was a military officer serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He played a significant part in the Battle of Guandu in 200.
Han Sui,courtesy name Wenyue,was a military general and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. For most of his life,he was active in Liang Province and was involved in several rebellions against the Han government and the warlord Cao Cao.
Gongsun Zan,courtesy name Bogui,was a military general and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Yan Yan was a Chinese military general and politician who served under Liu Zhang,the Governor of Yi Province,during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Although there is very little information about Yan Yan in historical records,he is given a much prominent role in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a general who initially serves under Liu Zhang before switching allegiance to Liu Bei later.
Dong Zhao,courtesy name Gongren,was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Yuan Shao,Zhang Yang and Cao Cao consecutively during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Yuan Shang,courtesy name Xianfu,was a warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the third son and successor of the warlord Yuan Shao. In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms,Yuan Shang was described as "strong but arrogant",and he was his father's favourite son.
Fei Yao was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
The Campaign against Dong Zhuo was a punitive expedition initiated by a coalition of regional officials and warlords against the warlord Dong Zhuo in 190 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The members of the coalition claimed that Dong had the intention of usurping the throne by holding Emperor Xian hostage and by establishing a strong influence in the imperial court. They justified their campaign as to remove Dong from power. The campaign led to the evacuation of the capital Luoyang and the shifting of the imperial court to Chang'an. It was a prelude to the end of the Han dynasty and,subsequently,the Three Kingdoms period.
The Battle of Bowang,also known as the Battle of Bowang Slope,was a battle fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Liu Bei in 202 in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
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