Race-conscious policy

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A race-conscious policy is a policy that aims to improve the conditions of racial minorities. In the United States, such policies are typically aimed at improving the status of African Americans. [1] Many different kinds of race-conscious policies exist, ranging from nondiscrimination policy to strict numerical racial quotas. [2] Their main purpose is twofold: to compensate for past discrimination against the target race, and to increase equality of opportunity. [3]

Contents

Education

In the United States, race-conscious policies like desegregation busing have long been used to counteract school segregation. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in favor of those measures more often in the 1960s and the 1970s than it has since then. [4]

International variations

France, unlike many other countries in Western Europe (including the United Kingdom), has avoided adopting race-conscious policies. [5] Variations in the policies between the United Kingdom and France are in large part by the different frames through which the policies were portrayed in both countries. [6]

Public opinion

In the United States, whites are the least supportive of race-conscious policies, and blacks are the most supportive of them. Latinos and Asians take intermediate stances in their opinions of those policies. That pattern persists after controlling for measures of racial prejudice, class status, and other factors. [7] Among white liberals, racial resentment predicts support for race-conscious programs only for black students. In contrast, among white conservatives, racial resentment is closely related to opposition to such programs regardless of the recipient's race. [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sears, David O. (2008). "Race-Conscious Policies". International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ↑ Boston, Thomas D. (2002). A Different Vision: African American Economic Thought. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN   9781134798605.
  3. ↑ Edwards, John (20 January 2009). "Group Rights v. Individual Rights: The Case of Race-Conscious Policies". Journal of Social Policy. 23 (1): 55–70. doi:10.1017/S0047279400021322. S2CID   145066826.
  4. ↑ Ancheta, Angelo (1 July 2002). "Constitutional Law and Race-Conscious Policies in K-12 Education". ERIC Digest. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  5. ↑ Bleich, Erik (1 May 2001). "Race Policy in France". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  6. ↑ Bleich, Erik (November 2002). "Integrating Ideas into Policy-Making Analysis". Comparative Political Studies. 35 (9): 1054–1076. doi:10.1177/001041402237506. S2CID   153698101.
  7. ↑ Lopez, Linda; Pantoja, Adrian D. (December 2004). "Beyond Black and White: General Support for Race-Conscious Policies Among African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans and Whites". Political Research Quarterly. 57 (4): 633–642. doi:10.1177/106591290405700411. S2CID   144221840.
  8. ↑ Feldman, Stanley; Huddy, Leonie (January 2005). "Racial Resentment and White Opposition to Race-Conscious Programs: Principles or Prejudice?". American Journal of Political Science. 49 (1): 168–183. doi:10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00117.x.
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