Somalia,officially the Federal Republic of Somalia,is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west,Djibouti to the northwest,Kenya to the southwest,the Gulf of Aden to the north,and the Indian Ocean to the east. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland. Somalia has an estimated population of 18.1 million,of which 2.7 million live in the capital and largest city,Mogadishu. Around 85% of its residents are ethnic Somalis and the official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic,though the former is the primary language. Somalia has historic and religious ties to the Arab world. As such the people in Somalia are Muslims,the majority of them Sunni.
The North Eastern Province is one of the former provinces of Kenya. It had a land area of 127,358.5 km2,with its capital at Garissa. The North Eastern Province was carved out of the then Northern Frontier District (NFD) prior to independence.
The Isaaq is a major Somali clan. It is one of the largest Somali clan families in the Horn of Africa,with a large and densely populated traditional territory.
The Hawiye are one of the principal and largest of the Somali clans,tracing their lineage back to Sheikh Ahmed Bin Abdulrahman Bin Uthman,also known as Sheikh Hawiye,the eponymous figure of the clan. They are considered the earliest documented clan to have settled in the Somali peninsula,as noted in the 12th century by Al-Idrisi,occupying the regions spanning from Ras Hafun to Merca,which served as their capital. Presently,the Hawiye reside in central and southern Somalia,Somaliland,Djibouti,the Somali region of Ethiopia,Harar,Oromia,and Afar regions,as well as Kenya. Furthermore,they represent the majority of the population in the capital city of Mogadishu.
The Garre are a prominent Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Samaale,who is believed to have originated from the Arabian Peninsula through Aqiil Abu Talib. The Garre clan is considered to be a sub-clan of the Digil-Rahanweyn clan family,which is part of the larger Rahanweyn clan. However,genealogically,they are descended from Gardheere Samaale. The Garre are also categorized as southern Hawiye as well.
The Dir is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti,Somalia,Ethiopia,and northeastern Kenya.
Mandera is the capital of Mandera County in the former North Eastern Province of Kenya. It is situated at around 3°55′N41°50′E,near the borders with Somalia and Ethiopia.
Demographic features of Somalia's inhabitants include ethnicity,language,population density,education level,health,economic status,religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Somalia is believed to be one of the most homogeneous countries in Africa.
The Harti,(Somali:Harti),are a Somali clan that trace their lineage back to SalehAbdi (Harti). They are a sub-clan of the larger Darod clan. Notable sub-clans within Harti include the Majeerteen,Dhulbahante,and the Warsengeli. They predominantly reside in the apex of the Horn of Africa and its surrounding regions. Furthermore,in the southern territories,the clan's settlements span both sides of the Kenya-Somalia border.
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012,when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) was inaugurated.
Murule is a sub-clan of the Hawiye and the larger Gugundhabe Hawiye clan. It is one of the major Somali clans and has produced many prominent historical Somali figures.
Annalena Tonelli was an Italian Catholic lay missionary and social activist. She worked for 33 years in East Africa,where she focused on tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment,campaigns for eradication of female genital mutilation,and special schools for hearing-impaired,blind and disabled children. In June 2003,Tonelli was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award,which is given annually by the UNHCR to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. In October 2003,she was killed inside her hospital by two gunmen.
Mandera County is a county in northeastern Kenya,bordering Ethiopia to the north,Somali to the east,and Wajir to the south. It is predominantly home to the Somali community,with a population of about 983,000 (2024),making it the 28th largest county in Kenya by population. Covering an area of approximately 25,797 square kilometers,Mandera County features natural landscapes,including the Dawa River and vast deserts.
The Somali National Front (SNF) was a politico-military organization that operated in southern Somalia during the Somali Civil War and represented one of the major factions involved in the conflict.
Kenyan Somalis are citizens and residents of Kenya who are of Somali ethnic descent. They have historically inhabited the North Eastern Province,previously called the Northern Frontier District,which was carved out of the Jubaland region of present-day southern Somalia during the colonial period. Following the civil war in Somalia that broke out in 1991,many Somalis sought asylum in the Somali-inhabited enclaves of Kenya. An entrepreneurial community,they established themselves in the business sector,particularly in the Nairobi suburb of Eastleigh.
Jubaland,or the Juba Valley,is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Jubba River,stretching from Dolow to the Indian Ocean,while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in Kenya,which was carved out of Jubaland during the colonial period.
Women in Somalia form a key part of Somali society,with clearly defined and important roles in the family and structure. This includes Somali women in Somaliland,a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. From the time of Ismail Urwayni's proselytizing in 1890,until the Dervish State's defeat by British air bombardment in 1920,women in the strip of land from Jidali,Sanaag in the north,to Beledweyne in the south were referred to as Darawiishaad (plural) or Darwiishad (singular).
The Degoodi or Degodia is a Somali clan.
Hirshabelle,officially Hirshabelle State of Somalia,is a Federal Member State in south-central Somalia. It is bordered by Galmudug state of Somalia to the north,South West State of Somalia and Banadir region to the south,Ethiopia to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east. Jowhar is the capital state.
Shaaban Ali Isaack is a Kenyan politician. He hails from the Murule Clan of the Jidle Hawiye clan of the Somalis
