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The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,and several others,after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They consider themselves the continuation of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaat.The main purpose of this movement was to reject the grave worshipping,shirk and protect the orthodoxy of Islam from Bidah,as well as the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist,secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism. The movement shares several similarities with Wahhabism.
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi was an Indian Sunni Hanafi Maturidi Islamic Scholar,theologian and a Sufi who was one of the main founders of the Deobandi Movement,starting from the Darul Uloom Deoband.
Anwar Shah Kashmiri was a Kashmiri Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the first principal of Madrasa Aminia and the fourth principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband. He was a student of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and participated in the Indian freedom struggle through the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. His students include Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi,Yousuf Banuri and Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi.
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996) was an Indian Mufti and Islamic scholar and former Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom,Saharanpur. He was the most senior disciple of Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi.
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali,Kifayatullah Dehlawi,Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti and Sanaullah Amritsari.
Arshad Madani is an Indian Muslim scholar and the current Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. He succeeded Asad Madni as the eighth president of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. The organization split around 2008,and Madani continues to serve as the president of its Arshad faction.
Nizāmuddīn Asīr Adrawi was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar,biographer,historian and author in the Urdu language. He established Madrassa Darus Salam in Adari and served as Officer In Charge of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind in Lucknow from 1974 to 1978.
Muhammad Miyan Deobandi was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar,academic,historian,freedom struggle activist,who served as the fifth general secretary of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He wrote books such as Aseeraan-e-Malta,Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shaandar Maazi and Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname.
Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi (1910–1991) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and historian and head of the Islamic studies department of Jamia Millia Islamia. His book Tarikh-e-Millat is required reading in the syllabus of Darul Uloom Deoband and in madrasas affiliated with it.
Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah is an Islamic seminary in Bandipore,Jammu and Kashmir. It was established in 1979 by Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi,an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. It is regarded as the biggest Islamic seminary of Kashmir.
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad (1862-1930) was an Indian Muslim scholar,who served as the Vice Chancellor of the Darul Uloom Deoband for thirty five years. He was the Grand Mufti of the Hyderabad State from 1922 to 1925.
Nazir Ahmad Qasmi is a Kashmiri Sunni Islamic scholar and jurist who serves as the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and the Imārat-e-Sharia;and a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and general secretary of the Majlis-e-Fiqhi,Jammu and Kashmir.
The Siddiqi family of Nanauta are the descendants of the first Rashidun Caliph,Abu Bakr,based primarily in the town of Nanauta in India. The notable people of this family include Mamluk Ali Nanautawi,Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi,Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi,Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi and Muhammad Salim Qasmi.
Muḥammad Usmān Mansoorpuri was an Indian Muslim scholar who served as the first National President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind's Mahmood faction. He taught hadith at the Darul Uloom Deoband and served the seminary as a working rector.
Habībur Rahmān Khairābadi is an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who serves as a Mufti at the Darul Uloom Deoband. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Mau,Mazahir Uloom and the Aligarh Muslim University. He has authored books including The Rules of Slaughter and The Importance of Zakat. He signed the Darul Uloom Deoband's first ever religious edict against terrorism in 2008.
Ahmad Hasan Amrohi was an Indian Muslim scholar and freedom struggle activist who served as the first principal of Madrasa Shahi in Moradabad. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and among the founding members of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi's Thamratut-Tarbiyat. He was an authorized disciple of Imdadullah Muhajir Makki.
Abdul Khaliq Sambhali was an Indian Muslim scholar and writer who served as the vice-rector of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was an alumnus of the Deoband seminary and had studied with scholars including Mahmood Hasan Gangohi,Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi and Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad. He translated Abdul Majeed al-Zindani's Al-Tawḥīd into Urdu and gave religious discourses criticizing the Maududism.
Muhammad Ismail Katki was an Indian Islamic scholar and writer. He was associated with the Khatme Nabuwat movement in India,particularly in the state of Odisha. He served as the first Ameer-e-Shari'at of Imarat-e-Shar'ia Odisha and the third president of Jamiat Ulama Odisha.
References
Citations
- ↑ "An Islamic University". Greater Kashmir. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Muhammad Amin Malik (22 June 2016). "Remembering Kausar Sahib (RA)". Rising Kashmir. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- 1 2 Qasmi 2016, p. 710.
- ↑ Shujaat Bukhari (12 May 2016). "Don't Make Kashmir a Battleground for Islamic Schools of Thought". The Citizen. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Hadhrat Mufti Mahmood Hasan Gangohi: His Life and Works. Isipingo: Ta’limi Board (KZN). 1 February 2011. p. 236. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Yoginder Sikand (29 July 2007). "Kashmir's Largest Madrasa: Dar ul-Uloom Raheemiyyah". Two Circles . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Places of Interest". bandipore.nic.in. Bandipore district administration. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Founding members of AIMPLB". aimpbboard.in. All India Muslim Personal Law Board . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Working Committee of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind". jamiat.org.in. Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﮯ ﺩﯾﻮ ﺑﻨﺪ کی ﺑﮍﮮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﭘﺮ ﭘﺎﺑﻨﺪﯼ پر ﺗﺸﻮﯾﺶ کا اظہار (Deobandi Scholars express concerns over Beef ban)" (in Urdu). The Kashmir Pulse. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- 1 2 Syed Rizwan Geelani (13 August 2018). "Govt to regulate functioning of Madrasas in JK". Greater Kashmir . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Publications of Darul Uloom Raheemiyah". raheemiyyah.com. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Design, S. 1. 9. (11 September 2014). The Deoband Ulama and their Love for Rasulullah. p. 79. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
Bibliography
- Qasmi, Muhammadullah Khalili (December 2016). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami' wa Mukhtasar Tareekh (in Urdu) (2nd ed.). Deoband: Shaykhul Hind Academy. Retrieved 22 July 2022.