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The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It was formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They opposed the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslims living in South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulama of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist and secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khilafat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. Uttar Pradesh-based Darul Uloom is one of the most important Islamic seminaries in India and the largest in the world. It is located in Deoband,a town in Saharanpur district,Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Fazlur Rahman Usmani,Sayyid Muhammad Abid and others in 1866. Mahmud Deobandi was the first teacher and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student.
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement,who co-founded the Jamia Millia Islamia University and launched the Silk Letter Movement for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary. His teachers included Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Mahmud Deobandi,and he was authorized in Sufism by Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.
Anwar Shah Kashmiri was an Islamic scholar from Kashmir in the early twentieth century,best known for his expertise in the study of hadith,a strong memory,and a unique approach to interpreting traditions,as well as the fourth principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. With an ancestral heritage of religious scholarship rooted in Baghdad,he acquired training in Islamic sciences at Darul Uloom Deoband under the mentorship of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi,alongside enjoying a spiritual journey with Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. Initiating his vocation as the first principal of Madrasa Aminia,he embarked on a hajj in 1906 with a sojourn in Medina,dedicated to exploring the depths of hadith literature. Subsequently,he joined Darul Uloom Deoband,serving as the post of Sheikh al-Hadith for nearly thirteen years before choosing Jamia Islamia Talimuddin as his final destination for his academic voyage. Although he displayed limited inclination toward the written word,a handful of treatises flowed from his pen. Yet,the bulk of his literary legacy has been preserved through the efforts of his students,who transcribed his classroom lectures,discourses,and sermons. While the crux of his scholarly work centered on championing the Hanafi school and establishing its supremacy,he also garnered recognition for his comparatively liberal approach to various religious matters. His publications found their place under the patronage of Majlis-i Ilmi,a scholarly institution established in Delhi in 1929. His scholarly credentials received official endorsement with the publication of Fayd al-Bari,a four-volume Arabic commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari,curated by Badre Alam Merathi and published in Cairo,with the financial support of Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal.
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi was an Indian mufti,Islamic scholar and former Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom,Saharanpur. He was the most senior disciple of Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi.
As’ad Madani was an Indian Deobandi Islamic scholar and a politician,who served as the sixth general secretary and the seventh President of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. He was a member of the executive body of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha,upper house of the Parliament of India representing Uttar Pradesh for three terms as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali,Kifayatullah Dehlawi,Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti and Sanaullah Amritsari.
Arshad Madani is an Indian Islamic scholar and the current Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. He succeeded Asad Madni as the eighth president of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. The organization split around 2008,and Madani continues to serve as the president of its Arshad faction.
Nizāmuddīn Asīr Adrawi was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar,biographer,historian and author in the Urdu language. He established the Madrassa Darus Salam in Adari and served as the Officer In Charge of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind in Lucknow from 1974 to 1978.
Muhammad Miyan Deobandi was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar,academic,historian,freedom struggle activist,who served as the fifth general secretary of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He wrote books such as Aseeraan-e-Malta,Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shaandar Maazi and Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname.
Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah is an Islamic seminary in Bandipore,Jammu and Kashmir. It was established in 1979 by Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi,an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. It is regarded as the biggest Islamic seminary of Kashmir.
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad (1862–1928) was an Indian Muslim scholar,who served as the vice chancellor of the Darul Uloom Deoband for thirty five years. He was the Grand Mufti of the Hyderabad State from 1922 to 1925.
Nazir Ahmad Qasmi is a Kashmiri Sunni Islamic scholar and jurist who serves as the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and the Imārat-e-Sharia;and a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and general secretary of the Majlis-e-Fiqhi,Jammu and Kashmir.
The Siddiqi family of Nanauta are the descendants of the first Rashidun Caliph,Abu Bakr,based primarily in the town of Nanauta in India. The notable people of this family include Mamluk Ali Nanautawi,Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi,Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi,Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi,Muhammad Salim Qasmi and Qari Shakir Qasmi.
Muḥammad Usmān Mansoorpuri was an Indian Muslim scholar who served as the first National President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind's Mahmood faction. He taught hadith at the Darul Uloom Deoband and served the seminary as a working rector.
Habībur Rahmān Khairābadi is an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who serves as a Mufti at the Darul Uloom Deoband. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Mau,Mazahir Uloom and the Aligarh Muslim University. He has authored books including The Rules of Slaughter and The Importance of Zakat. He signed the Darul Uloom Deoband's first ever religious edict against terrorism in 2008.
Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi is an Indian Islamic scholar,mufti,and writer. He has been serving as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband since 2008. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and Maulana Azad National Urdu University.
Muhammad Jabir Qasmi,also written as Muhammad Jabir Qasmi Binjharpuri and Maulana Muhammad Jabir,was an Indian Islamic scholar,Sufi sheikh,and Muslim leader. He was the first president of Jamiat Ulama-e-Odisha (M) and a member of the working committee of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind (M).
Habibur Rahman Azami,also written as Habibur Rahman Qasmi Azmi,was an Indian Islamic scholar,writer,and expert in the field of biographical evaluation of hadith narrators. He served as a professor of hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband. He served as the 6th editor-in-chief of Monthly Darul Uloom. He authored several books,including Shuyukh al-Imam Abi Dawud al-Sijistani fīKitab al-Sunan,Tazkirah Ulama-e-Azamgarh,Ajodhya ke Islami Aathar,and Babri Masjid:Haqaiq aur Afsanay.
References
Citations
- ↑ "An Islamic University". Greater Kashmir. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Muhammad Amin Malik (22 June 2016). "Remembering Kausar Sahib (RA)". Rising Kashmir. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- 1 2 Qasmi 2016, p. 710.
- ↑ Shujaat Bukhari (12 May 2016). "Don't Make Kashmir a Battleground for Islamic Schools of Thought". The Citizen. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Hadhrat Mufti Mahmood Hasan Gangohi: His Life and Works. Isipingo: Ta’limi Board (KZN). 1 February 2011. p. 236. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Yoginder Sikand (29 July 2007). "Kashmir's Largest Madrasa: Dar ul-Uloom Raheemiyyah". Two Circles . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Places of Interest". bandipore.nic.in. Bandipore district administration. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Founding members of AIMPLB". aimpbboard.in. All India Muslim Personal Law Board . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Working Committee of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind". jamiat.org.in. Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﮯ ﺩﯾﻮ ﺑﻨﺪ کی ﺑﮍﮮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﭘﺮ ﭘﺎﺑﻨﺪﯼ پر ﺗﺸﻮﯾﺶ کا اظہار (Deobandi Scholars express concerns over Beef ban)" (in Urdu). The Kashmir Pulse. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- 1 2 Syed Rizwan Geelani (13 August 2018). "Govt to regulate functioning of Madrasas in JK". Greater Kashmir . Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Publications of Darul Uloom Raheemiyah". raheemiyyah.com. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Design, S. 1. 9. (11 September 2014). The Deoband Ulama and their Love for Rasulullah. p. 79. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
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Bibliography
- Qasmi, Muhammadullah Khalili (December 2016). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami' wa Mukhtasar Tareekh (in Urdu) (2nd ed.). Deoband: Shaykhul Hind Academy. Retrieved 22 July 2022.