Rai, ngan, and tarang wa

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The rai, [lower-alpha 1] ngan, [lower-alpha 2] and tarang wa or square wa [lower-alpha 3] are customary Thai units of area, used in the measurement of land. They are defined as exactly 1,600, 400, and 4 square metres, respectively (17,222, 4,306, and 43 sq ft). [1]

The tarang wa (square wa, tarang meaning 'grid') is derived from the area of a square with sides of 1 wa (the Thai fathom). One ngan ('work') is equal to 100 square wa, and one rai ('field' or 'plantation') equals 4 ngan or 1 square sen . [1] The units were standardized in square metres when Thailand (then Siam) adopted the metric system in 1923, [2] [3] although the Royal Survey Department was already reported in 1908 to be using the metre-based conversion for its cadastral maps. [4]

The units are commonly used for cadastre and property matters, and official and legal documents express areas of land in such units. [5] They are sometimes notated in the abbreviated format rai-ngan-tarang wa, e.g. "4-2-25 rai", which means "4 rai, 2 ngan, and 25 tarang wa", though this is discouraged by some government documents. [6]

Unit conversions
UnitDerivationRelativeSI (or other metric)US or UK customary
Tarang waSquare wa 4 m243 sq ft
Ngan100 tarang wa400 m24,306 sq ft
RaiSquare sen 4 ngan or 400 tarang wa1,600 m2 (16 ares)17,222 sq ft (0.4 acres)

Notes

  1. Thai: ไร่, pronounced [râj] .
  2. Also spelled ngaan; งาน [ŋɑ̄ːn] .
  3. Also tarang wah or square wah; ตารางวา [tɑ̄ː.rɑ̄ːŋwɑ̄ː] .

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References

  1. 1 2 Commercial Directory for Thailand B.E. 2496-97 (1953-54) (in Thai and English). Department of Commercial Intelligence, Ministry of Economic Affairs. 1953. p. 3-11.
  2. Bureau of Weights and Measures. "ประวัติการชั่งตวงวัดของประเทศไทย". In จรินทร สุทธนารักษ์; สาธิต ชูสุวรรณ (eds.). นานาสาระชั่งตวงวัด (PDF) (in Thai). Central Bureau of Weights and Measures.
  3. "History of Weights and Measures in Thailand". Northern Weights and Measures Center. 2004. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020.
  4. Wright, Arnold; Breakspear, Oliver T. (1908). Twentieth century impressions of Siam: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources, with which is incorporated an abridged edition of Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya. London [etc.] Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company, Ltd. p. 126.
  5. สำนักงานบริหารโครงการพัฒนากรมที่ดิน และเร่งรัดการออกโฉนดที่ดินทั่วประเทศ (September 2011). "คำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษด้านการที่ดิน (Terminology of the Department of Lands)" (PDF) (in Thai and English). Department of Lands. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  6. "คำสั่งจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ที่ 1/2528 เรื่อง แก้ไข (เนื้อที่ รูปแผนที่ หรือเนื้อที่และรูปแผนที่) ในโฉนดที่ดิน" (PDF) (in Thai). Department of Interior. 1985. Retrieved 7 January 2024. หมายเหตุ การเขียนเนื้อที่ 6 ไร่ 3 งาน 06 ตารางวา ไม่ควรเขียนเป็น 6-3-06 ไร่