The politics of Bulgaria take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Movement for Rights and Freedoms is a centrist political party in Bulgaria with a support base among ethnic minority communities. It was a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). While representing the interests of Muslims, especially Turks and to a lesser extent Pomaks, the party also receives the largest share of Romani votes.
Bulgaria elects a head of state—the president—and a legislature on a national level. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people directly. The National Assembly has 240 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system in which usually no party receives a required majority and parties have to collaborate to form governments, generally via confidence and supply or coalition agreements.
Armen Nazaryan is an Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler who later represented Bulgaria. Nazaryan is a two-time Olympic Champion, a three-time World Champion, and a six-time European Champion. After Armenia regained independence in 1991, Nazaryan became the first Olympic gold medalist for the country. He was recognized by the FILA as the best wrestler of the year in 1998 and 2003. In 2007, Nazaryan was inducted as a member of the FILA Hall of Fame.
Petrol AD is a Bulgarian oil distribution company which maintains the largest network of filling stations in the country, consisting of more than 330 retail outlets, 80 petrol depots and three petrol port terminals. The company was established in April 1932, in the capital city of Sofia, and privatized in 1999. Currently, Petrol AD is a joint stock company engaged in storage, transportation and retail of fuels and petrol products. Petrol AD has adopted a two-tier management system, with a Management Board and a Supervisory Board.
Armenians in Bulgaria are the fifth largest minority, after Russians, in the country, numbering 6,552 according to the 2011 census, down from 10,832 in 2001, while Armenian organizations estimate up to 80,000. Armenians have lived in the Balkans since no later than the 5th century, when they moved there as part of the Byzantine cavalry. Since then, the Armenians have had a continuous presence in Bulgarian lands and have often played an important part in the history of Bulgaria from early Medieval times until the present.
Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of Youth and Sports in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2022. She served as the Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development in the PH administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. She has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Segambut since May 2018. She also served as 10th Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly from June 2013 to April 2018 and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Subang Jaya from March 2008 to May 2018. She is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. She has served as the Assistant National Publicity Secretary of DAP since March 2022.
Suren Nazaryan was an Armenian sculptor.
Johari bin Abdul is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 11th Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat since December 2022. Previously, he served as the State Leader of the Opposition of Kedah beginning in October 2022 and was a Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Gurun from May 2018 until his resignation in December 2022. He was also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sungai Petani from March 2008 and held the role of Chairman of the Pakatan Harapan Backbenchers Club (PHBBC) from August 2018 to November 2022. Johari is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
Chow Kon Yeow is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and journalist who has served as the 5th Chief Minister of Penang since May 2018, Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Padang Kota since March 2008 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Kawan since November 2022. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to his promotion to Chief Ministership in May 2018, MP for Tanjong from November 1999 to May 2013 and again from May 2018 to November 2022 and the MLA for Pengkalan Kota from October 1990 to April 1995. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions. He has also served as the State Chairman of PH of Penang since May 2019 as well as the National Vice Chairman of DAP since September 2004. He also served as the State Chairman of DAP of Penang from 1999 to September 2024. He is presently the only non-Muslim and Chinese head of state government among the 13 Malaysian states.
Datuk Halimah binti Mohamed Sadique is a Malaysian politician who served as the Minister of National Unity for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and her first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to August 2021 as well as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kota Tinggi from May 2018 to November 2022. She also served as Deputy Minister of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government in the BN administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak and former Minister Abdul Rahman Dahlan from May 2013 to July 2015. She is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN administration.
Law Choo Kiang is a Malaysian politician who has served as 9th Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly since June 2013. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Tambun from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member and State Advisor of Penang of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions. As of 2024, he is also the second longest-serving Speaker of the Penang Assembly after Yahaya Abdul Hamid who served from 1995 to 2008 for 13 years.
Aminuddin bin Harun is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 11th Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan since May 2018, Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sikamat since March 2008 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Port Dickson since November 2022. He is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. He has also served as a Vice President of PKR since July 2022 and State Chairman of PH and PKR of Negeri Sembilan since August 2017.
Lena Nazaryan is an Armenian politician and a member of the Armenian National Assembly. As a board member of the Civil Contract Party, she ran under the Way Out Alliance (Yelk) during the 2017 parliamentary election and was elected off the Yelk national list.
Rosol bin Wahid is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hulu Terengganu since May 2018. He served as the Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Alexander Nanta Linggi from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021, Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ajil from November 1999 to May 2013. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN administration and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He resigned from UMNO in 2018 and joined BERSATU, a component party of the formerly the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and presently the PN coalitions in 2019.
Khoo Poay Tiong is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kota Melaka since May 2018. He served as Leader of the Opposition of Melaka from July 2013 to May 2018 and Member of the Melaka State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ayer Keroh from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. He has served as the Assistant National Organising Secretary of DAP since November 2017 and State Chairman of DAP of Melaka since June 2024. He was the State Vice Chairman prior to his promotion to the state chairmanship.
Edmond Armen Nazaryan is a Bulgarian Greco-Roman wrestler of Armenian descent. He won the silver medal in the 60 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. Edmond is also a four-time medalist, including two gold medals, at the European Wrestling Championships.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 9 June 2024, to elect members of the National Assembly. The election coincided with the European Parliament election on the same day.
The Fifty First National Assembly is a convocation of the National Assembly of Bulgaria, formed according to the results of the snap parliamentary elections in Bulgaria, held on 27 October 2024.
Nataliya Vasileva Kiselova is a Bulgarian jurist and politician who is the current Speaker of the National Assembly. Affiliated with the Bulgarian Socialist Party, she has served as Member of the National Assembly since 2024. Kiselova is also a professor of constitutional law at Sofia University.
