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The second MQM insurrection referred to an insurrection by MQM, a political and militant organisation representing Muhajir people which launched an insurrection in 1978 against Sindh government as well as multiple other opponents. This insurrection was suppressed by Pakistan army in the Operation Cleanup. In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian and ethnic violence. Its intensity died down following Operation Lyari and Karachi targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids saw several key MQM leaders arrested and the beginning of a crackdown on the party. Another crackdown in August 22, 2016 saw the closure party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park, the arrest of other MQM leaders and "marked the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf." of In 2016 the Muttahida movement began to fragment, seeing the rise of MQM-Pakistan and other breakaway factions like the Pak Sarzameen Party (PSP), MQM-PIB colony and MQM-Bahadurabad factions. The original faction becoming known as MQM-London.
References
- ↑ "MQM MPA Raza Haider killed, violence ensues". Express Tribune. 2 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ↑ "MQM MPA Raza Haider assassinated". DAWN.COM. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ↑ "Bloodshed in Karachi after MQM MPA Raza Haider killed". DAWN.COM. 3 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
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