Provincial Assembly of Sindh

Last updated

Provincial Assembly of Sindh

صوبائی مجمع سندھ
سنڌ جي صوبائي اسيمبلي
16th Provincial Assembly of Sindh
Coat of arms of Sindh Province.svg
Type
Type
Leadership
Speaker
Awais Qadir Shah, PPP
since 25 February 2024
Deputy Speaker
Anthony Naveed, PPP
since 25 February 2024
Murad Ali Shah , PPP
since 26 February 2024
Leader of Opposition
Saeed Ahmad Afridi, PTI
since 10 September 2024
Structure
Seats168
Sindh Assembly 2024.png
Political groups
Government (117)
  •   PPP (118)
  •   MQM-P (37)

Opposition (50)

Elections
Mixed member majoritarian:
  • 130 members elected by FPTP
  • 29 seats for women,
    9 seats for non-Muslims elected through PR [1]
Last election
8 February 2024
Next election
2029
Meeting place
Sindh Assembly House.jpg
Provincial Assembly House of Sindh, Karachi
Website
Official website
Constitution
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan

The Provincial Assembly of Sindh [lower-alpha 1] is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

Contents

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the Sind Province of gandu asim and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.

History

A large part of Sindh was captured by the British commander General Sir Charles Napier status as a State and became a Commissionerate of India's Bombay Presidency, being controlled by a Commissioner.[ citation needed ]

In 1890, after the Minto reforms, Sindh gained representation for the first time in the Bombay Legislative Assembly, with four members representing it. From that time, a movement to separate Sindh from the Bombay Presidency was established, and in 1935, after a long struggle, a new chapter in the history of Sindh opened. Under Section 40(3) of Government of India Act 1935, Sindh was separated from the Bombay presidency with effect from 1 April 1936. With the introduction by the same Act of Provincial Autonomy, the newly created Province of Sindh secured a Legislative Assembly of its own, consisting of sixty members, who were elected on the basis of communal representation and weight age to the minority community.

Sir Lancelot Graham was appointed as the first Governor of Sindh by the British Government on 1 April 1936. Until 1937, he was also the head of an Executive Council of 25 members, which administered the affairs of Sindh and included two advisers from the Council of Bombay.

Assembly building

The two-story building of the Sindh Assembly consists of the camp office of the Chief Minister of Sindh, offices of the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, ministers, Leader of the Opposition, Secretariat, Law Department of the Government of Sindh, and Library.

The foundation stone of the building was laid by Sir Lancelot Graham, the Governor of Sindh, on 11 March 1940. The construction of the building – declared open by Sir Hugh Dow, the Governor of Sindh, on 4 March 1942 – was completed within a span of two years.

In 1971, after a lapse of about 24 years, it was again declared as the Sindh Assembly building. Since then it has been used as such. Presently, the central portion of the building, the Assembly Hall, seats a capacity of 168 Legislators. [2]

List of Assemblies

OrderTerms
First Assembly 27 April 1937 to 1945
Second Assembly 12 March 1946 to 1946
Third Assembly 17 February 1947 to 1951
Fourth Assembly 12 September 1953 to 1955
Fifth Assembly 1972 to 1977
Sixth Assembly 30 March 1977 to 5 July 1977
Seventh Assembly 28 February 1985 to 30 May 1988
Eighth Assembly 19 November 1988 to 6 August 1990
Ninth Assembly 27 October 1990 to 19 July 1993
Tenth Assembly 9 October 1993 to 5 November 1996
Eleventh Assembly 3 February 1997 to 12 October 1999
Twelfth Assembly 10 October 2002 to 15 November 2007
Thirteenth Assembly 18 February 2008 to 2013
Fourteenth Assembly 2013-2018
Fifteenth Assembly 13 August 2018 to 11 August 2023
Sixteenth Assembly 2024–present

Chief Ministers and Chief Secretaries of Sindh

The Leader of the House for the assembly is known as the Chief Minister of Sindh and their counterpart is the Chief Secretary of Sindh who heads the Government of Sindh. The current Chief Minister of Sindh is Murad Ali Shah of the Pakistan People’s Party and the current Chief Secretary of Sindh is Asif Hyder Shah.

Speakers of the Sindh Assembly

NamesSuccessive term of each
Diwan Bhoj Singh (Sukkur)28 April 1937 to 15 February 1938
Syed Miran Muhammed Shah (Hyderabad)26 February 1938 to 3 May 1948
Agha Badruddin Durrani (Sukkur)8 March 1949 to 29 December 1951
Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur (senior) (Hyderabad)14 September 1953 to 21 March 1955
Ghulam Rasool Keehar (Larkana)2 May 1972 to 3 March 1977
Agha Sadruddin Durrani (Sukkur)13 March 1977 to 4 July 1977
Abdullah Hussain Haroon (Karachi)6 April 1985 to 13 March 1986
Syed Muzaffar Hussain Shah (Tharparkar)6 April 1986 to 1 December 1988
Syed Abdullah Shah (Dadu)1 December 1988 to 5 November 1990
Abdul Razique Khan (Karachi)5 November 1990 to 19 October 1993
Ghous Bux Maher (Shikarpur)19 October 1993 to 22 February 1997
Nawaz Mirza Advocate (Hyderabad)22 February 1997 to 26 October 1998
Syed Muzaffar Hussain Shah (Mirpurkhas)14 December 2002 to January 2008
Nisar Ahmed Khuro (Larkana)18 February 2008 to 30 May 2013
Agha Siraj Durrani (Karachi)30 May 2013 to 25 Feb 2024
Awais Qadir Shah (Sukkur) [3] 25 Feb 2024 to current

Qualification of members

According to Article 113 of the Constitution, the qualifications for membership in the National Assembly set forth in Article 62 of the Constitution also apply for membership to the Provincial Assembly. Thus, a member of the Provincial Assembly:

  1. must be a citizen of Sindh;
  2. must be at least twenty-five years of age and must be enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll in–
    1. any part of Sindh, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved for non-Muslims; and
    2. any area in Sindh from which the member seeks membership for election to a seat reserved for women.
  3. must be of good character and not commonly known as one who violates Islamic injunctions;
  4. must have adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practices obligatory duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstains from major sins;
  5. must be sagacious, righteous, non-profligate, and honest;
  6. must have never been convicted for a crime involving moral turpitude or for giving false evidence;
  7. must have never, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of the country or opposed the ideology of Pakistan.

The disqualifications specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 do not apply to a person who is a non-Muslim, but such a person must have a good moral reputation and possess other qualifications prescribed by an act of Parliament.

Main article: Constitution of Pakistan

Article 106 of the Constitution provides that each Provincial Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats reserved only for women and non-Muslims. The same article specifies that the Provincial Assembly of Sindh will have a total of 168 seats: 130 general seats, 29 reserved for women, and nine reserved for non-Muslims.

Disqualification of members

The criteria for disqualification of members of a Provincial Assembly is established by Articles 63, 63A, 113 and 127. A person shall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from being, a member of the Provincial Assembly if the member:

  1. is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or
  2. is an undischarged insolvent; or
  3. ceases to be a citizen of Sindh, Pakistan or acquires the citizenship of a foreign State; or
  4. holds an office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than an office declared by law not to disqualify its holder; or
  5. is in the service of any statutory body of any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest; or
  6. is propagating any opinion, or acting in any manner, prejudicial to the Ideology of Pakistan, or the sovereignty, integrity or security of Pakistan, or morality, or the maintenance of public order, or the integrity or independence of the judiciary of Pakistan, or which defames or brings into ridicule the judiciary or the Armed Forces of Pakistan; or
  7. has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction on a charge of corrupt practice, moral turpitude or misuse of power or authority under any law for the time being in force; or
  8. he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct or moral turpitude; or
  9. has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct or moral turpitude; or
  10. has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years has elapsed since he ceased to be in such service; or
  11. is found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice under any law for the time being in force, unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date on which that order takes effect; or
  12. has been convicted under section 7 of the Political Parties Act, 1962 (III of 1962), unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date of such conviction; or
  13. whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust for him or for his benefit or on his account or as a member of a Hindu undivided family, has any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between a cooperative society and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for the execution of any contract or for the performance of any service undertaken by, Government.

Article 63A, which deals with disqualification on grounds of defection, was added to the Constitution in 1997. A member of a Parliamentary Party composed of a single political party defects if the member:

  1. resigns from membership of the political party or joins another Parliamentary Party; or
  2. votes or abstains from voting in the Provincial Assembly contrary to any direction issued by the Parliamentary Party to which the member belongs, in relations to
    1. election of the Chief Minister; or
    2. a vote of confidence or a vote of no-confidence; or
    3. a Money Bill.

Privileges of members

Article 66 read with Article 127 confers freedom of speech on the members of the Provincial Assembly. No member is liable to any proceedings in any court of law in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in Assembly. Similarly, no member is liable in respect of any publication which is published under the authority of Provincial Assembly.

However, Article 114 of the Constitution curtails this privilege and prohibits members from discussing the conduct of judges of High Court and Supreme Court in the discharge of their duties.

First day proceedings in the Provincial Assembly

(a) Oath of Members. – After general elections, elected members in the first meeting take oath in the form set out in Third Schedule of the Constitution. Article 65 read with Article 127 states "A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made before the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule". Those members who have not taken oath in the first meeting take oath when they attend a meeting for the first time. The first meeting is presided by the outgoing Speaker. Article 53 (8) read with Article 127 says "the Speaker shall continue in his office till the person elected to fill the office by next Assembly enters upon his office." (b) Election and oath of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. – In addition to oath taking by the members, Provincial Assembly according to Article 108 to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. When office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, in any way, the Assembly elects another member as Speaker or Deputy Speaker.

The elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker according to clause 2 of Article 53 read with Article 127 take oath before the House in the form set out in the Third Schedule.

Summoning and prorogation of Provincial Assemblies

Article 109 authorizes the Governor of the Province to summon Provincial Assembly to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit. Where the Governor summons Assembly he is authorized to prorogue it too. In addition, the Speaker, on a requisition signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly, can summon it, at such time and place as he thinks fit, within fourteen days of the receipt of the requisition. Article 54(3) read with Article 127 also empowers the Speaker to prorogue the session where he summons it.

Number of sessions and days during a year

Article 54 (2) and (3) read with article 127 say there are at least three sessions of Provincial Assembly every year, with not more than 120 days intervening between the last sitting of the Assembly in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session. While clause 'g' of Article 127 read with Proviso to Article 54 provides that Provincial Assembly shall meet for not less than 70 working days in each year.

Duration of Provincial Assembly

The term of Provincial Assembly in Pakistan according to Article 107 is five years unless it is sooner dissolved, from the day of its first meeting and stands dissolved at the expiration of its terms.

Other methods of dissolution of Provincial Assembly

(a) Dissolution of Provincial Assembly on the advice by the Chief Minister. – Under Article 112, clause 1, the Governor of a Province is empowered to dissolve Provincial Assembly if so advised by the Chief Minister. Where the Chief Minister so advises, the Provincial Assembly stands dissolved at the expiration of 48 hours. (b) Dissolution of Provincial Assembly by the Governor on the approval by the President. – Clause 2 of the same Article again empowers the Governor to dissolve Provincial Assembly subject to the approval of the President, where he is of the opinion, that after having been passed a vote of no confidence against the Chief Minister, there is no other member of the Provincial Assembly to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly, in a session of the Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose.

Executive Authority of a province

Executive Authority is exercised by the Governor and under Article 105, he shall act in accordance with advice of the cabinet or the Chief Minister.

Appointment and ascertainment of Chief Minister

According to clause 2-A of Article 130, the Governor of a Province invites the member of the Provincial Assembly to be the Chief Minister who commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly as ascertained in the session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance with the provisions of the constitution.

Powers and functions of Provincial Assembly

There are three major functions or powers of a Provincial Assembly:

  1. To make laws (Article 141 and 142 of the Constitution of Pakistan)
  2. To manage the purse of the province (Article 123 (3))
  3. To keep checks on the policies and practices of the Government (Article 130)

Limitations

One of the major functions of the Provincial Assembly is to make laws as provided in Article 141 and 142 of the Constitution for conferring of functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the Provincial Governments, Constitutionally. This function is subject to some limitations.

  1. Under Article 142, a Provincial Assembly cannot legislate when an emergency is declared in the country.
  2. A Provincial Assembly cannot make law which is against fundamental rights.
  3. Principles of policy or rule of law should be the base of each law.
  4. A law cannot be enacted if it is not in conformity with the injunctions of Islam.
  5. Under Article 142, the Provincial Assembly cannot legislate on matters which fall in the Federal Legislative List.

Residuary List

The Provincial Assembly has exclusive powers to make law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List. Residuary matters are exclusively within Provincial autonomy. From the above, it cannot be extracted that the Province is subordinate to the Federation or Federation is subordinate to Province. In fact, legislative powers are distributed between Federation and Provinces via Article 142. And one institution cannot take over powers of other institution. However, this provincial law making power comes to an end and shifts to the Federation during emergency when declared vide Articles 232, 233 or 234.

Manager of purse of Sindh

The second important function of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh under Article 123 (3) is that it acts as a manager or custodian of the purse of Sindh.

Provincial Consolidated Fund

No expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund is deemed to be duly authorised unless it is specified in the schedule so authenticated and is laid before the Provincial Assembly. Provincial Assembly exercises checks over executive through control over the Finance. Article 119 provides custody and withdrawal of money from Provincial Consolidated Fund, (defined in Article 118) and public accounts of a Province, unless it is regulated by the Act of the Provincial Assembly.

Annual and supplementary Budget statement

Provisions given under Article 120 dealing with annual budget statement and Article 124 dealing with supplementary budget or excess grant become effective, when it is approved by the Provincial Assembly.

Approval of budgets

Article 122(2) and Article 124 authorise Provincial Assembly to approve or refuse any demand and reduce the amount specified in the demand. Once budget is approved, the Government has no right to deviate from these sanctions. For excess expenditure, Government has to seek regularization from the Assembly. Similarly under Article 88 read with Article 127, accounts and audit reports of the Government are further scrutinized by the public accounts Committee of the Assembly.

To keep checks on the policies and practices of the Government

The significance of Provincial Assembly is that it is a representative institution and keeps checks upon policies, practices and performance of the Government. Article 130 (4) says that the Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to the Provincial Assembly.

Devices of accountability

Issues relating to Public interest are raised by the Members for discussion in the House in the form of questions, adjournment motions, call attention notices, general discussion, resolutions and various Reports.

The Members make the Executive accountable to the legislature through these devices according to the Rules of Procedure of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, 1997.

Members Support Programme

This programme is meant to serve Members of the Provincial Assembly in different areas. They are provided legislative help in drafting private members bills. They are provided useful and informative books. An Internet facility is also available to them, and through Internet research they can polish their ideas.

To provide these facilities to the Members, in 1997 the Research and Reference Division was formed. It was established to provide information to the Members when needed, and to collect up-to-date information from the resources available. The Library and Computer Sections were included in this division. It was also meant to provide help to the representatives in legislative procedures, such as the drafting of a bill. Prior to the establishment of the Research and Reference Wing, this service was performed by the Legislation Branch. Salman

Information Technology and Legislative Section

The primary function of Library Section is to provide data to the Members and to the Research Section. Information such as the Assembly's agenda, date of next sitting, schedule of committee meetings and information about Members is available due to installation of the latest PBX. The Assembly Secretariat has stored vital information in the computer and it is accessible from anywhere around the clock.

Moreover, Research and Reference Division has designed a web page to provide information to the Members about the Assembly Secretariat and proceedings of the Assembly including its schedule and agenda, and a summary of its proceedings. This web page also includes the procedural rules for the Provincial Assembly of Sindh and some other important laws of the country.

Reserved Constituencies

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. Sindhi: سنڌ جي صوبائي اسيمبلي, Urdu: صوبائی اسمبلی سندھ

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Pakistan</span> Head of state of Pakistan

The president of Pakistan is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The president is the nominal head of the executive and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The presidency is a ceremonial position in Pakistan. The president is bound to act on advice of the prime minister and cabinet. Asif Ali Zardari is the current president since 10 March 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senate of Pakistan</span> Upper house of the Parliament of Pakistan

The Senate of Pakistan, constitutionally the House of the Federation, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. As of 2023, It has a maximum membership of 96, of which 92 are elected by the provincial legislatures using single transferable vote; four represent the federal capital. Members sit for terms lasting six years, with half of the house up for election every three years. Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Assembly of Pakistan</span> Lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan

The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan, with the upper house being the Senate. As of 2023, the National Assembly has a maximum membership of 336, of which 266 are directly elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, while 60 are elected on reserved seats for women and religious minorities from all over the country. Members hold their seats for five years or until the house is dissolved by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The house convenes at the Parliament House, Red Zone, Islamabad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliament of Pakistan</span> Bicameral national legislature of Pakistan

The Parliament of Pakistan is the supreme legislative body of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature, composed of the President of Pakistan and two houses: the Senate and the National Assembly. The president, as head of the legislature, has the power to summon or prorogue either house of the Parliament. The president can dissolve the National Assembly, only on the Prime Minister's advice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Pakistan</span>

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has had a non-symmetric federal government and is a federal parliamentary democratic republic. At the national level, the people of Pakistan elect a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan. The parliament consists of a lower house called the National Assembly, which is elected directly via first-past-the-post voting, and an upper house called the Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The head of government, the Prime Minister, is elected by the majority members of the National Assembly and the head of state, the President, is elected by the Electoral College, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments.

A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories: the Delhi Legislative Assembly, Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister, he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become the Speaker of the Legislature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Punjab, Pakistan</span>

The Government of the Punjab is the provincial government of the Pakistani province of the Punjab. It is based in Lahore, the provincial capital. Its powers and structure are set out in the provisions of the Constitution, in which 41 districts come under its authority and jurisdiction. The government includes the cabinet, selected from members the Punjab Provincial Assembly, and the non-political civil staff within each department. The province is governed by a unicameral legislature with the head of government known as the Chief Minister. The Chief Minister, invariably the leader of a political party represented in the Assembly, selects members of the Cabinet. The Chief Minister and Cabinet are thus responsible for the functioning of government and are entitled to remain in office so long as it maintains the confidence of the elected Assembly. The head of the province is known as the Governor, appointed by the federal government, on behalf of the President. The administrative and executive boss of the province is the Chief Secretary Punjab and they head all the provincial departments and the provincial cabinet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</span> Provincial government in Pakistan

The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, is the provincial government of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Its powers and structure are set out in the provisions of the 1973 Constitution, in which 32 districts come under its authority and jurisdiction. The government includes the cabinet, selected from members the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly, and the non-political civil staff within each department. The province is governed by a unicameral legislature with the head of government known as the Chief Minister. The Chief Minister, invariably the leader of a political party represented in the Assembly, selects members of the Cabinet. The Chief Minister and Cabinet are thus responsible the functioning of government and are entitled to remain in office so long as it maintains the confidence of the elected Assembly. The head of the province is known as the Governor, appointed by the federal government, on behalf of the President, while the administrative boss of the province is Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provincial Assembly of the Punjab</span> Unicameral legislature of a Pakistani province

The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</span> Head of the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the provincial government, and is elected by the Provincial Assembly. As long as she or he has the confidence of the assembly, a single term in office for the chief minister can be a maximum of five years. There is no term on the number of limits. Ali Amin Gandapur is the current chief minister of KPK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</span> Unicameral Legislature of a Pakistani province

The Provincial Assembly ofKhyber Pakhtunkhwa is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which is located in Peshawar, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 145 seats, with 115 general seats, 26 seats reserved for women and 4 reserved for non-Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Member of the Provincial Assembly</span> Representative of the Pakistani people in the provincial assembly

A Member of the Provincial Assembly, or MPA is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to the legislature or legislative assembly of a subnational jurisdiction. In Pakistan, the members are elected by the voters in provinces for a term of five years.

The Constitution of 1962 was the fundamental law of Republic of Pakistan from 8 June 1962 until martial law was declared in 25 March 1969. It was abrogated on 25 March 1969 by President Yahya Khan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of the Falkland Islands</span>

The Falkland Islands Constitution is a predominantly codified constitution documented primarily within the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008, a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom. The constitution, in its present form, was made on 5 November 2008 by Queen Elizabeth II in a meeting of the Privy Council at Buckingham Palace. It was laid before Parliament on 12 November 2008 and came into force on 1 January 2009, replacing the 1985 constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief minister (India)</span> Head of government of a state or union territory in India

In India, a chief minister is the elected head of government of each state out of the 28 states and sometimes a union territory (UT). Currently, only the UTs of Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry have serving chief ministers. According to the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister.

The Council of Ministers of West Bengal is the collective decision-making body of the Government of West Bengal, composed of the Chief Minister and bagunnava ra, the most senior of the government ministers. The Cabinet is the ultimate decision-making body of the executive within the Westminster system of government in traditional constitutional theory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief Minister of Sindh</span> Head of government of the Province of Sindh

The chief minister of Sindh, is the elected head of government of Sindh and serves alongside the Chief Secretary. Syed Murad Ali Shah is the current Chief Minister of Sindh, serving as a Government of Sindh since 26 February 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief minister (Pakistan)</span> Head of government of a province in Pakistan

A chief minister, is the head of the provincial government. Executive authority of a province is vested in the chief minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the governor serving as the nominal head of provincial executive. The chief minister, according to article 131 of the 1973 constitution, shall keep the governor informed on matters relating to provincial government. Moreover, all executive actions of the provincial government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of governor according to article 139. The chief minister is invariably the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the provincial assembly, the provincial legislature of which he is the leader.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in Pakistani politics</span>

Since Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, women have been active participants in parliamentary politics. Their representation remained low in the first and second Constituent Assemblies, however the amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan paved way for their increased participation in the parliament. Besides, the progressive laws helped improve their participation in legislative and executive positions over the years. Since 2002, women politicians have notable representation in the federal as well as provincial assemblies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provincial assemblies of Pakistan</span>

Provincial Assembly(Urdu: صوبائی اسمبلی) is a legislative body in the provinces and regions of Pakistan. All of the 4 Provinces and 2 Autonomous regions has unicameral legislature. Only Islamabad is governed directly by the Federal Government of Pakistan and have no legislative body.

References

  1. "Welcome to the Website of Provincial Assembly of Sindh". Provincial Assembly of Sindh.
  2. "Provincial Assembly of Sindh - History".
  3. "PPP's Owais Qadir Shah Elected Sindh Assembly Speaker | Dawn News English". DAWN.COM. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.

24°51′16″N67°01′12″E / 24.85444°N 67.02000°E / 24.85444; 67.02000