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The Politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by Prime Minister of Pakistan, who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan is the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of Pakistan.
Nazim Hussain Siddiqui a Pakistani jurist who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, from 31 December 2003 to 29 June 2005.
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and highcourt of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts.
The judiciary of Pakistan is a hierarchical system with two classes of courts: the superior judiciary and the subordinate judiciary. The superior judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Federal Shariat Court and five High Courts, with the Supreme Court at the apex. There is a High Court for each of the four provinces as well as a High Court for the Islamabad Capital Territory. The Constitution of Pakistan entrusts the superior judiciary with the obligation to preserve, protect and defend the constitution. Neither the Supreme Court nor a High Court may exercise jurisdiction in relation to Tribal Areas, except otherwise provided for. The disputed regions of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan have separate court systems.
Mohammad Nawaz Abbasi is former justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and a former justice of Lahore High Court.
The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until the Supreme Court of India was established in 1950. Although the seat of the Federal Court was at Delhi, however, a separate Federal Court of Pakistan was established in Pakistan in Karachi after the Partition of India. There was a right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London from the Federal Court of India.
The Gilgit-Baltistan Council has been established as per Article 33 of Gilgit-Baltistan Order, 2009. Its Chairman is the Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan is the Vice-Chairman over the six members-elected. It can legislate on 53 subjects as provided in Schedule III of the Order.
The Government of Gilgit-Baltistan is the government of the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Its powers and structure are set out in the 2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order, in which 10 districts come under its authority and jurisdiction. The government includes the cabinet, selected from members the Gilgit–Baltistan Assembly, and the non-political civil staff within each department. The province is governed by a unicameral legislature with the head of government known as the Chief Minister. The Chief Minister, invariably the leader of a political party represented in the Assembly, selects members of the Cabinet. The Chief Minister and Cabinet are thus responsible the functioning of government and are entitled to remain in office so long as it maintains the confidence of the elected Assembly. The head of state of the province is known as the Governor. The terms Government of Gilgit–Baltistan or Gilgit–Baltistan Government are often used in official documents. The seat of government is in Gilgit, thus serving as the capital of the territory.
The Gilgit−Baltistan Scouts are part of the Paramilitary forces of Pakistan, under the direct control of the Ministry of the Interior of the Pakistan Government. The Scouts are an internal and border security force with the prime objective to protect the China–Pakistan border and support Civil Administration in ensuring maintenance of law and order in Gilgit-Baltistan and anywhere else in Pakistan. The force was formerly known as the Northern Areas Scouts but was renamed to the Gilgit−Baltistan Scouts in 2011 due to the imposition of "Empowerment and Self Governance Order" in 2009.
Sayyed Muhammad Mazahar Ali Akbar Naqvi is a Pakistani jurist who is serving as Justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan since 16 March 2020. He previously served as Judge of the Lahore High Court before his elevation to the Supreme Court.
The 2015 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly elections were held on 8 June 2015. Elections were held in 24 constituencies, each electing one member to the 2nd Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly. 269 candidates contested these elections, either representing one of the political parties of Gilgit-Baltistan or being an independent candidate.
Muhammad Khalid Khurshid Khan is a Pakistani lawyer/politician who is the current Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan, from the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. He has been a member of the Gilgit Baltistan Assembly since 25 November 2020.
The Balawaristan National Front, more commonly known as the BNF, is a Pakistani political party of Gilgit-Baltistan. It was founded by Nawaz Khan Naji in 1989. The party calls for Gilgit-Baltistan to be given autonomy while still remaining a part of the federation of Pakistan.
The Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan is the highest court of appeal in the region of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. It consists of a Chief Justice and two other Judges. The Court was established in 2009 under Gilgit-Baltistan 2009 and has the similar jurisdiction equal to the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The Permanent Seat of the Court is at Gilgit, but the Court also sits from time to time at Skardu Branch Registry.
The Federal Judicial Academy is an agency for legal training run by Government of Pakistan in Islamabad. The Academy was established in 1988 and acts under Federal Judicial Academy Act, 1997. The academy offers training for Judicial Officers and court personnel.
The Gilgit-Baltistan Judicial Academy is an agency of the Government of Gilgit-Baltistan in Gilgit for legal training established in 2021. The Academy provides pre-service and in-service training to the judicial officers and court personnel. The management and administration of the Academy are run by the board under the leadership of the Chief Justice of Gilgit-Baltistan Chief Court and an appointed Director-General.
Rana Muhammad Shamim is a former Pakistani chief judge who served as chief judge of the Appellate court of the Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan from August 2015 to 2018. He has also been the Chief Justice of Sindh High Court.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Solutions.com.pk, Softech e. "Gilgit Baltistan Chief Court Gilgit". www.gbchiefcourt.gov.pk.
- ↑ "Autonomy order for Gilgit, Baltistan signed". DAWN.COM. September 8, 2009.
- ↑ "Al-Jehad Trust case: G-B bar association demands implementation of apex court's orders". The Express Tribune. October 2, 2013.
- ↑ "After months of hiatus, govt appoints Justice Wazir Shakil in G-B apex court". The Express Tribune. January 31, 2020.