Richard Cornish (shipmaster)

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Richard Cornish, also known as Richard Williams, was an English ship captain. [1] He is known for being accused of raping 19-year-old indentured servant William Couse. [2] Executed in the Colony of Virginia in 1625 he is reported to have been one of the earliest people, if not the first person, to have been hanged for sodomy in what would eventually become the United States. [3] [4]

Contents

Rape accusations

In 1624 Cornish was ship master of the Ambrose, which was harbored in the James River of August of that year. [5] During this time Couse worked on the Ambrose and was ordered to put clean sheets on Cornish's bed, upon which point Couse alleged that his master had been drunk and made a sexual advance upon him. [6] Despite Couse's refusal, Cornish was then reported to have forcibly sodomized Couse. [7] He also reported that Cornish also later sexually fondled him on numerous occasions and also humiliated him in front of the rest of the crew. [5]

Trial

Couse left the ship and deposed to the governor and other members of the council of the colony of Virginia that Cornish had forcibly sodomized him. Walter Mathew, the boatswain's mate on ship, attested to his accusations. Cornish was convicted of sodomy, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging in 1625. [5]

Several mariners and Virginia residents later asserted that Cornish, an excellent mariner, had been unjustly hanged, and they blamed the governor, Sir Francis Wyatt. [6] [8]

Legacy

In 1993 the William and Mary Gay and Lesbian Alumni created the Richard Cornish Endowment Fund for Gay and Lesbian Resources. [6]

References

  1. Stewart, Chuck (2014). Proud Heritage: People, Issues, and Documents of the LGBT Experience. ABC-Clio. p. 365. ISBN   9781610693998 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  2. Norton, Rictor. "The Trial of Richard Cornish 1624". Rictor Norton . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  3. Marschak, Beth; Lorch, Alex (2008). Lesbian and Gay Richmond. Arcadia Publishing. p. 9. ISBN   9780738553689 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  4. Williams, Walter L.; Retter, Yolanda (2003). Gay and Lesbian Rights in the United States: A Documentary History. Greenwood Press. p. 23. ISBN   9780313306969 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 Godbeer, Richard (2002). Sexual Revolution in Early America. JHU Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN   9780801868009 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 Murrin, John M. "Richard Cornish, alias Richard Williams (d. after January 3, 1625)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  7. Smith, Bruce R. (1995). Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare's England: A Cultural Poetics. University of Chicago Press. pp. 194–195. ISBN   9780226763668 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  8. Burg, B. R. (1995). Sodomy and the Pirate Tradition. NYU Press. p. 39. ISBN   9780814712351 . Retrieved 10 August 2015.