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Since 2016,Peru has been plagued with political instability and a growing crisis,initially between the President,Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Congress,led de facto by Keiko Fujimori. The crisis emerged in late 2016 and early 2017 as the polarization of Peruvian politics increased,as well as a growing schism between the executive and legislative branches of government. Fujimori and her Fujimorist supporters would use their control of Congress to obstruct the executive branch of successive governments,resulting with a period of political instability in Peru.
Vladimir Roy Cerrón Rojas is a Peruvian neurosurgeon and politician who served as the regional Governor of Junin from 2011 to 2014 and in 2019. His second term was suspended early due to a prior criminal conviction. He is the founder and Secretary General of the Free Peru party which won the plurality of seats in the 2021 Peruvian general election. Cerrón was also initially the candidate for Second Vice President of Peru on Pedro Castillo's eventually winning presidential ticket,but was removed as the candidate before the election due to his conviction on criminal charges of corruption. He has been a fugitive from Peruvian authorities since October 2023,with Interpol placing a Blue Notice on Cerrón.
Luis Alberto Otárola Peñaranda is a Peruvian attorney and politician who was the Prime Minister of Peru from 2022 until his resignation in 2024. He previously served as Minister of Defense twice,under Ollanta Humala and Dina Boluarte.
Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra is a Peruvian politician,civil servant,and lawyer currently serving as the President of Peru since 7 December 2022. She had served as the first vice president and minister at the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion under President Pedro Castillo. She served as an officer at the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC) from 2007 until 2022.
Michael Espinoza Coila is a peruvian lawyer,university professor,human rights activist and catechist,dedicating himself to Criminology and information technology (ICT). He is known for developing the principle-law-procedure of the best interests of the student,is also a university student law activist.
Events in the year 2022 in Peru.
Waldemar JoséCerrón Rojas is a Peruvian professor and a politician.
Liz Patricia Benavides Vargas is a Peruvian lawyer. On June 20,2022,she was elected as Attorney General of Peru and was removed from her position on 7 December 2023 as a result of the Peruvian Public Ministry controversy.
On December 7,2022,Pedro Castillo,the then-President of Peru,made an attempt to dissolve the Congress amidst looming removal proceedings. This move included the immediate imposition of a curfew,an attempt to establish an emergency government,and a call for the formation of a constituent assembly. Prior to this,Attorney General Patricia Benavides had accused Castillo of leading a criminal organization,a claim that contravened Article 117 of the Constitution of Peru. She had urged the Congress to remove him from office,leading to the third removal attempt against Castillo. Castillo defended his actions by arguing that the Congress,which had obstructed many of his policies,was serving oligopolistic businesses and had colluded with the Constitutional Court to undermine the executive branch,thereby creating a "congressional dictatorship". He also advocated for the immediate election of a constituent assembly,a demand that had been echoed since the 2020 Peruvian protests.
The presidency of Dina Boluarte began with her inauguration as the president of Peru on 7 December 2022,immediately following the removal of Pedro Castillo from office in the aftermath of his attempted self-coup.
Following the ousting of president of Peru,Pedro Castillo on 7 December 2022,a series of political protests against the government of president Dina Boluarte and the Congress of Peru occurred. The demonstrations lack centralized leadership and originated primarily among grassroots movements and social organizations on the left to far-left,as well as indigenous communities,who feel politically disenfranchised. Castillo was removed from office and arrested after announcing the dissolution of Congress,the intervention of the state apparatus,and the establishment of an "emergency government",which was characterized as a self-coup attempt by some media organizations and institutions in Peru while Castillo's supporters said that Congress attempted to overthrow Castillo. Castillo's successor Dina Boluarte,along with Congress,were widely disapproved,with the two receiving the lowest approval ratings among public offices in the Americas. Among the main demands of the demonstrators are the dissolution of Congress,the resignation of Boluarte,new general elections,the release of Castillo,and the formation of a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. It has also been reported that some of the protesters have declared an insurgency in Punos's region. Analysts,businesses,and voters said that immediate elections are necessary to prevent future unrest,although many establishment political parties have little public support.
The 2022–2023 Apurímac protests corresponds to a series of protests and violent confrontations that began on 10 December 2022 in the department of Apurímac in the context of the December 2022 Peruvian protests. The protesters demand the resignation of President Dina Boluarte,the closure of the Congress of the Republic,and new general elections. Unlike the protests in other regions and cities,in Apurímac the confrontations are more violent,and criminal acts have been recorded,such as the kidnapping of police officers and attacks on police stations. The Boluarte government declared a state of emergency,removing some constitutional protections from citizens,including the rights preventing troops from staying within private homes and buildings,freedom of movement,freedom of assembly and "personal freedom and security".
The Ayacucho massacre was a massacre perpetrated by the Peruvian Army on 15 December 2022 in Ayacucho,Peru during the 2022–2023 Peruvian protests,occurring one day after President Dina Boluarte,with the support of right-wing parties in Congress,granted the Peruvian Armed Forces expanded powers and the ability to respond to demonstrations. The clash occurred due to the protesters' attempt to storm the local airport. On that day,demonstrations took place in Ayacucho and the situation intensified when the military deployed helicopters to fire at protesters,who later tried to take over the city's airport,which was defended by the Peruvian Army and the National Police of Peru. Troops responded by firing live ammunition at protesters,resulting in ten dead and 61 injured. Among the injured,90% had gunshot wounds,while those killed were shot in the head or torso. Nine of the ten killed had wounds consistent with the ammunition used in the IMI Galil service rifle used by the army.
Events in the year 2023 in Peru.
On 9 January 2023,Peruvian National Police shot at protesters in Juliaca during the 2022–2023 Peruvian political protests against President Dina Boluarte,resulting in a massacre. At least 18 people,including a medic responding to the scene,were killed and over 100 others were injured by police responding to protests in the city,with all of the deaths being attributed to gunshot wounds. The massacre was the deadliest day during the series of protests in Peru. Local media criticized the response of national media,saying that events in Juliaca were overlooked. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights would describe the event,along with the similar killings in Ayacucho,as a massacre.
This is a broad timeline of the ongoing 2022–2023 Peruvian protests against the government of Dina Boluarte and the Congress of Peru,sparked by the self-coup attempt of President Pedro Castillo,who was later arrested for his actions. The protests were organized by social organizations and indigenous peoples who felt they experienced political disenfranchisement,specifically on the politically left-wing to far left,with the groups demanding immediate general elections and a constituent assembly to draft a new Constitution of Peru.
Vicente Romero Fernández is a retired general of the Peruvian National Police. He is the current Minister of the Interior of Peru since 13 January 2023 under the presidency of Dina Boluarte. He previously served as the Minister of the Interior under the presidency of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski from 9 January to 2 April 2018,after the resignation of Carlos Basombrío.
An investigation surrounding the Public Ministry of Peru,known as Operation Valkyrie V resulted with a controversy surrounding the Attorney General of Peru,Patricia Benavides,who was alleged to head a criminal organization. The scandal revolved around alleged irregularities with the decisions of electing the Ombudsman of Peru JosuéGutiérrez Cóndor,dismissing former attorney general Zoraida Ávalos and attempts to remove the members of the National Board of Justice (JNJ),all in reported attempts for Benavides to main control of the Public Ministry by nominating allies in judicial positions.
Reinaldo Cutipa is a 2023 Peruvian drama film directed by Oscar Gonzales Apaza and written by Gonzales and Jaime Luna Victoria. It stars Jesús Luque Colque,Sylvia Majo and Danitza Pilco. It is about Reinaldo whose relationship with his overprotective mother will change when he meets his teenage girlfriend Rosaura who wants to travel to Lima.
Ciro Ronald Castillo-Rojo Salas is a Peruvian surgeon and politician. He is the current regional governor of Callao,Peruvian seaside city and region,since January 1,2023.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Otorongo HANCCO SONCCO, RICHARD - 2022". otorongo.club. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fernández, Liubomir (2022-10-03). "Richard Hancco, del frustrado deseo de ser juez a gobernador de Puno". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ↑ PERÚ, Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales S. A. EDITORA (2022-10-02). "Elecciones 2022: el nuevo gobernador regional de Puno sería Richard Hancco". andina.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ↑ "Unrest on Repeat: Plotting a Route to Stability in Peru | Crisis Group". www.crisisgroup.org. 2024-02-08. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ↑ Búho, Redacción El (2023-02-09). "Puno: Alcaldes apoyan manifestaciones pero piden tregua para abastecimiento". El Búho (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ↑ AZUL, RADIO ONDA (2023-02-08). "Gobernador regional de Puno señala que el gobierno de Dina Boluarte es insostenible, por lo que debe renunciar". Radio Onda Azul (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-02.