Richard L. Greene | |
---|---|
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University |
Known for | Superconducting Materials and Properties |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physics |
Institutions | University of Maryland, IBM, U.S. Navy |
Thesis | Fluorescence in Antiferromagnetic MnF2 |
Doctoral advisor | Arthur Schawlow |
Richard L. Greene (born 1938) is an American physicist. He is a distinguished university professor of Physics at the University of Maryland. He is known for his experimental research related to novel superconducting and magnetic materials.
Greene served in the Navy at the San Francisco Naval Shipyard where he was an officer in charge of the construction of the USS Halsey (DLG 23). He was awarded a PhD at Stanford University, where he and his collaborators discovered the first optical signatures of spin waves in insulating antiferromagnetic materials. [1] As a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford he and his collaborators invented the thermal relaxation method for measuring the specific heat of small samples, a technique now widely used commercially in the Quantum Design Physical Properties Measurement System. [2] In 1970 he became a staff member (and later a group manager) at the IBM Research Laboratory in San Jose, CA where he and collaborators discovered the first known polymeric and two-dimensional organic superconductors. [3] [4] [5] In 1989 he became a physics professor and founding director of the Center for Superconductivity Research at the University of Maryland in College Park. His group has made significant contributions to the physics of high temperature superconductors and novel magnetic and topological materials. [6] [7] [8] His over 400 publications are cited over 33,000 times with an h-index of 96. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. [9] The American Physical Society Dissertation Award for Experiential Condensed Matter Physics is named in his honor. [10]
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a characteristic critical temperature below which the resistance drops abruptly to zero. An electric current through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.
Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which does not conform to conventional BCS theory or its extensions.
High-temperature superconductors are defined as materials with critical temperature above 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. They are only "high-temperature" relative to previously known superconductors, which function at even colder temperatures, close to absolute zero. The "high temperatures" are still far below ambient, and therefore require cooling. The first break through of high-temperature superconductor was discovered in 1986 by IBM researchers Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller. Although the critical temperature is around 35.1 K, this new type of superconductor was readily modified by Ching-Wu Chu to make the first high-temperature superconductor with critical temperature 93 K. Bednorz and Müller were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials". Most high-Tc materials are type-II superconductors.
Philip Warren Anderson was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking, and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena. Anderson is also responsible for naming the field of physics that is now known as condensed matter physics.
Superconductivity is the phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields below a characteristic temperature. The history of superconductivity began with Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911. Since then, many other superconducting materials have been discovered and the theory of superconductivity has been developed. These subjects remain active areas of study in the field of condensed matter physics.
In condensed matter physics, a pseudogap describes a state where the Fermi surface of a material possesses a partial energy gap, for example, a band structure state where the Fermi surface is gapped only at certain points.
Marvin Lou Cohen is an American–Canadian theoretical physicist. He is a physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen is a leading expert in the field of condensed matter physics. He is widely known for his seminal work on the electronic structure of solids.
Patrick A. Lee is a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Iron-based superconductors (FeSC) are iron-containing chemical compounds whose superconducting properties were discovered in 2006. In 2008, led by recently discovered iron pnictide compounds, they were in the first stages of experimentation and implementation..
David R. Nelson is an American physicist, and Arthur K. Solomon Professor of Biophysics, at Harvard University.
Distrontium ruthenate, also known as strontium ruthenate, is an oxide of strontium and ruthenium with the chemical formula Sr2RuO4. It was the first reported perovskite superconductor that did not contain copper. Strontium ruthenate is structurally very similar to the high-temperature cuprate superconductors, and in particular, is almost identical to the lanthanum doped superconductor (La, Sr)2CuO4. However, the transition temperature for the superconducting phase transition is 0.93 K (about 1.5 K for the best sample), which is much lower than the corresponding value for cuprates.
Peter Fulde is a physicist working in condensed matter theory and quantum chemistry.
Alexander V. Balatsky is a USSR-born American physicist. He is the professor of theoretical physics at NORDITA and University of Connecticut. He served as the founding director of the Institute for Materials Science (IMS) at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2014–2017.
Jochen Mannhart is a German physicist.
Laura H. Greene is the Marie Krafft Professor of Physics at Florida State University and chief scientist at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. She was previously a professor of physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In September 2021, she was appointed to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).
Mohit Randeria is a US-based Indian condensed matter physicist and a professor of physics at Ohio State University. Known for his research on condensed matter theory and superconductivity, Randeria is an elected fellow of the American Physics Society. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2002. He was awarded the 2002 ICTP Prize of the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste and the 2022 John Bardeen Prize.
Thomas Maurice Rice, known professionally as Maurice Rice, is an Irish theoretical physicist specializing in condensed matter physics.
Nai Phuan Ong is an American experimental physicist, specializing in "condensed matter physics focusing on topological insulators, Dirac/Weyl semimetals, superconductors and quantum spin liquids."
Dale J. Van Harlingen is an American condensed matter physicist.
Pengcheng Dai is a Chinese American experimental physicist and academic. He is the Sam and Helen Worden Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University.
This article needs additional or more specific categories .(July 2021) |