Critical psychology is a perspective on psychology that draws extensively on critical theory. Critical psychology challenges the assumptions,theories and methods of mainstream psychology and attempts to apply psychological understandings in different ways,often looking towards social change as a means of preventing and treating psychopathology.
Emil Wilhelm Georg Magnus Kraepelin was a German psychiatrist. H. J. Eysenck's Encyclopedia of Psychology identifies him as the founder of modern scientific psychiatry,psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics.
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physiologist,philosopher,and professor,known today as one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt,who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology,was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879,at the University of Leipzig,Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also established the first academic journal for psychological research,Philosophische Studien,to publish the institute's research.
Gerardus Heymans was a Dutch philosopher and psychologist. From 1890 to 1927,he worked as a professor of philosophy at the University of Groningen (UG). He also served as rector magnificus (president) of the UG in the academic year 1908–1909. Heymans is one of the most influential philosophers of the Netherlands and the pioneer of Dutch psychology. The establishment of his psychological laboratory marked the start of experimental psychology in the Netherlands.
Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian,psychologist,sociologist,and hermeneutic philosopher,who held G. W. F. Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin. As a polymathic philosopher,working in a modern research university,Dilthey's research interests revolved around questions of scientific methodology,historical evidence and history's status as a science. He could be considered an empiricist,in contrast to the idealism prevalent in Germany at the time,but his account of what constitutes the empirical and experiential differs from British empiricism and positivism in its central epistemological and ontological assumptions,which are drawn from German literary and philosophical traditions.
The University of Bern is a university in the Swiss capital of Bern and was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the Canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students,the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
William Stern was a German psychologist and philosopher. He is known for the development of personalistic psychology,which placed emphasis on the individual by examining measurable personality traits as well as the interaction of those traits within each person to create the self.
The Szondi test is a 1935 nonverbal projective personality test developed by Léopold Szondi. It has been rated by mental health professionals as one of the top five most discredited psychological tests.
Else Frenkel-Brunswik was a Polish-born Austrian Jewish psychologist. She was forced to leave Poland and later Austria as a result of anti-Jewish persecution. She is best known for her contributions to The Authoritarian Personality (1950),her collaboration with Theodor W. Adorno,Daniel Levinson,and Nevitt Sanford. It is considered a milestone work in personality theory and social psychology.
Max Lüscher was a Swiss psychotherapist known for inventing the Lüscher color test,a tool for measuring an individual's psychophysical state based on their color preferences. Besides research,teaching and practicing psychotherapy in Basel,Lüscher worked for international companies,amongst other things giving color advice. His book The Lüscher Test has been translated into more than 30 languages.
Robert Saudek was a Czech-born graphologist and writer of novels,stories,poems and plays. He had considerable influence on the content and standing of graphology worldwide. He also published numerous articles in many languages in periodicals as diverse as The Listener,Zeitschrift für Menschenkenntnis and the Journal of Social Psychology. He also founded the professional graphology society in the Netherlands. He also started two academic periodicals:one in Dutch and the other in English. Many graphologists worldwide today use Saudek’s work without knowing the origin.
Jochen Fahrenberg is a German psychologist in the fields of Personality,psychophysiology and philosophy of science.
Gerd Jüttemann is a German psychologist. He is the originator of the "Komparative Kasuistik",a method widely applied in qualitative psychological research and in other social sciences within Europe.
Johannes Heinrich Schultz was a German psychiatrist and an independent psychotherapist. Schultz became world-famous for the development of a system of self-hypnosis called autogenic training.
Wilhelm Kempf is an Austrian born psychologist and peace researcher who has made significant contributions to theoretical psychology,psychological methodology and peace research. Alongside of Johan Galtung,Kempf is one of the founders of the concept of peace journalism,which he,in contrast to Galtung,however,does not conceive of as a form of advocacy journalism,but rather understands as a trans-disciplinary research program which has as its object the possibilities of and limits to maintaining journalistic quality norms during war and crisis situations,and to overcome the communication barriers between the conflict parties.
Otto Lipmann was a German psychologist,an expert in vocational guidance,and one of the pioneers in the use of counseling for the selection of a profession.
Charlotte Bühler was a German-American developmental psychologist.
Werner W. Wittmann is a German psychologist,evaluation researcher and research methodologist.
Wolfgang Tschacher is a Swiss psychologist and university lecturer. He is professor at the University of Bern..,Switzerland. He has conducted theoretical and empirical research in the fields of psychotherapy and psychopathology,especially from a systems-theoretical perspective that includes self-organization and complexity theory. He is active in the development of time series methods for the modeling of psychotherapeutic processes and generally social systems.
Psychologie und Schule is a German book published in 1920 by the German author Otto Lipmann. It was published by the Julius Beltz publishing company and is book 47 of the series Aktuelle Fragen aus der Pädagogik der Gegenwart,issued by Max Reiniger. The book discusses the field of use of psychology in the school environment. By writing it Lipmann wanted to teach the readers about the development of modern psychology in 1920 and its relation to pedagogy. It incorporates topics with regard to education that are also dealt with in the 21st century and gives insights into the progress made in the 20th century.
