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Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
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Marine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the over-exploitation of these resources. Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions and is driven by response to the manifested negative effects seen in the environment such as species loss, habitat degradation and changes in ecosystem functions and focuses on limiting human-caused damage to marine ecosystems, restoring damaged marine ecosystems, and preserving vulnerable species and ecosystems of the marine life. Marine conservation is a relatively new discipline which has developed as a response to biological issues such as extinction and marine habitats change.
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Kristen Marhaver is a marine biologist studying coral reefs and specializing in coral ecology, reproduction, and conservation. Marhaver is a senior scientist at CARMABI Marine Research Station. Marhaver was part of the group of scientists that successfully used frozen Elkhorn coral sperm to fertilize live coral eggs to raise the first lab-reared juveniles in nurseries. Some of the sperm and eggs were from geographically isolated corals of the same species. Their success allows for the possibility of breeding corals to be more resistant to increasing ocean water temperatures by breeding corals that already survive at warmer temperatures with those that live at colder temperatures.
References
- ↑ "Academy students set for ocean camp". News-Press.
- ↑ Richard H. Haswell (1 January 2001). Beyond Outcomes: Assessment and Instruction Within a University Writing Program. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-1-56750-619-8.
- ↑ "Petit St. Vincent, a Dot of Green in the Ocean Blue". New York Times FEB. 5, 2015
- ↑ Emmis Communications (September 1978). "Orange Coast Magazine". Orange Coast. Emmis Communications: 13–. ISSN 0279-0483.
- ↑ Miyume Tanji (24 January 2007). Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa. Routledge. pp. 254–. ISBN 978-1-134-21759-5.
- ↑ Brad Matsen (October 2010). Jacques Cousteau: The Sea King. Vintage Books. pp. 231–. ISBN 978-0-307-27542-4.
- ↑ Stephen Lansing (1 August 2012). Perfect Order: Recognizing Complexity in Bali. Princeton University Press. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-0-691-15626-2.
- ↑ "Cousteau Ocean Futures Society partners with MIA". Coastal Breeze News. By Natalie Strom
- ↑ "Famous marine ecologist speaks at Marco Museum" By Natalie Strom, Coastal Breeze News.
- ↑ "Board | Marine Discovery Center". seymourcenter.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
- ↑ Dive Training: The New Divers Magazine. Dive Training Limited. 2003.
- ↑ "Coral Reefs: Fall of the Cities Beneath the Sea". Dive Training.
- ↑ David Thompson; Lesa M. Griffith; Joan Conrow (14 July 2006). Pauline Frommer's Hawaii . John Wiley & Sons. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-0-470-06984-4.
