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The Wairau Affray on 17 June 1843 was the first serious clash of arms between British settlers and Māori in New Zealand after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi and the only one to take place in the South Island. The incident was sparked when a magistrate and a representative of the New Zealand Company, who held a possibly fraudulent deed to land in the Wairau Valley in Marlborough in the north of the South Island, led a group of European settlers to attempt to clear Māori off the land and arrest Ngāti Toa chiefs Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata. Fighting broke out and 22 British settlers were killed, nine after their surrender. Four Māori were killed, including Te Rongo, who was Te Rangihaeata's wife and Te Rauparaha's daughter.
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The Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed their own distinctive culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori.
Wairau was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand. It was one of the initial 24 New Zealand electorates and existed from 1853 until its abolition in 1938, when it was succeeded by the Marlborough electorate. The electorate had 13 representatives during its existence. The 1861 election in the Wairau electorate was notable in that a later Premier, Frederick Weld, was unexpectedly and narrowly defeated by William Henry Eyes.
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New Zealand's archaeology started in the early 1800s and was largely conducted by amateurs with little regard for meticulous study. However, starting slowly in the 1870s detailed research answered questions about human culture, that have international relevance and wide public interest. Archaeology has, along with oral traditions, defined New Zealand's prehistory and protohistory and has been a valuable aid in solving some later historical problems. Academically New Zealand's human prehistory is broadly divided into Archaic after c. 1300 AD and Classic (~neolithic) after c. 1500 AD periods, based on Māori culture. Eurasian labels do not perfectly fit as some level of horticulture was always present in northern New Zealand, even existing at the same time as megafauna. More simply it can also be divided into time periods of pre and post European contact. Large poorly documented sections of New Zealand's more recent history have also been supplemented by archaeological research, such as at old battle sites or early urban centres.
Tristan Freitas Hegglun was a New Zealand rower, rugby union player, and local-body politician. He rowed for his country at the 1950 British Empire Games, and won two national rowing titles. A front-row forward and lock, he played provincial rugby for both Wellington and Marlborough, and was involved in services matches during World War II. He later served as a Blenheim borough councillor.
The history of the Māori began with the arrival of Polynesian settlers in New Zealand, in a series of ocean migrations in canoes starting from the late 13th or early 14th centuries. Over several centuries of isolation, the Polynesian settlers formed a distinct culture that became known as the Māori.
Atholl John Anderson is New Zealand archaeologist who has worked extensively in New Zealand and the Pacific. His work is notable for its syntheses of history, biology, ethnography and archaeological evidence. He made a major contribution to the evidence given by the iwi (tribe) Ngāi Tahu to the Waitangi Tribunal.
References
- 1 2 "Honorary Professor Richard Walter - School of Social Science - The University of Queensland, Australia". Socialscience.uq.edu.au. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ "Richard Walter, Archaeology at the University of Otago". Otago.ac.nz. 19 June 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ Cathie Bell (8 January 2014). "Professor in talks with Rangitane". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ "Ready to come home - marlborough-express". Stuff.co.nz. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ "Hangi pit final treasure - marlborough-express". Stuff.co.nz. 23 January 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ "Polynesian colonisation « 2013 Highlights « Awarded Grants « Marsden Fund « Funds « Funds, Medals & Competitions « Royal Society of New Zealand". Royalsociety.org.nz. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ Gibb, John (6 January 2014). "Grant to develop a 'living archive' | Otago Daily Times Online News : Otago, South Island, New Zealand & International News". Odt.co.nz. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
