The CFA franc is the name of two currencies,the West African CFA franc,used in eight West African countries,and the Central African CFA franc,used in six Central African countries. Although separate,the two CFA franc currencies have always been at parity and are effectively interchangeable. The ISO currency codes are XAF for the Central African CFA franc and XOF for the West African CFA franc. On 22 December 2019,it was announced that the West African currency would be reformed and replaced by an independent currency to be called Eco.
The history of the Republic of the Congo has been marked by diverse civilisations:indigenous,French and post-independence.
Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician and former military officer serving as the president of the Republic of the Congo since 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as president,he headed the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) for 12 years. He introduced multiparty politics in 1990,but was stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference,remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state. He stood as a candidate in the 1992 presidential election but placed third.
Mbuyamu Ilankir "Freddy" Matungulu (born January 4,1955 Belgian Congo is a Congolese economist. He was Minister of Finance of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2001 to 2003.
The Economic Community of Central African States is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. It "aims to achieve collective autonomy,raise the standard of living of its populations and maintain economic stability through harmonious cooperation".
The Central African CFA franc is the currency of six independent states in Central Africa:Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,Republic of the Congo,Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. These six countries have a combined population of 55.2 million people,and a combined GDP of over US$100 billion.
The Central Bank of West African States is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA).
The Republic of the Congo,also known as Congo-Brazzaville,the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo,is a country located on the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo River. It is bordered to the west by Gabon,to its northwest by Cameroon and its northeast by the Central African Republic,to the southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo,to its south by the Angolan exclave of Cabinda and to its southwest by the Atlantic Ocean.
Pierre Moussa is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa since 2012. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Planning from 1979 to 1991;later,he was Minister of Spatial Planning from 1997 to 2002,Minister of Planning from 2002 to 2009,and Minister of State for the Economy and Planning from 2009 to 2012.
Pacifique Issoïbeka is a Congolese political figure who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2009. He previously worked at the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) and was its Vice-Governor from 2003 to 2005.
Pierre-Michel Nguimbi is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Technical and Vocational Education from 2002 to 2009. Previously,he briefly served as Minister of Scientific and Technological Development in 1992,and he was Ambassador to Israel and Ambassador to France during the mid-1990s. After leaving the government,he was Ambassador to Senegal from 2012 to 2017.
Gilbert Ondongo is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of State for the Economy,Industry and Public Finances since 2017. Previously he was Minister of Labour from 2005 to 2009,and Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2016.
Mathias Dzon is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Finance from 1997 to 2002. Subsequently he was the National Director of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) from 2003 to 2008 and a candidate in the July 2009 presidential election,although he decided to boycott the election shortly before it was held. He is the President of the Patriotic Union for National Renewal (UPRN).
Gabriel Bokilo was a Congolese politician and the President of the Union for National Redress (URN).
Presidential elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 12 July 2009. Long-time President Denis Sassou Nguesso won another seven-year term with a large majority of the vote,but the elections were marred by accusations of irregularities and fraud from the opposition;six opposition candidates chose to boycott the elections.
Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas was a Congolese politician. Following the death of his father,Bernard Kolélas,he succeeded him as Interim President of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI),one of Congo-Brazzaville's main political parties,in 2010. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Marine and Inland Fishing from 2007 to 2009 and as Minister of the Civil Service from 2009 to 2015. After placing a distant second in the 2016 parliamentary election,he founded a new party,the Union of Humanist Democrats-Yuki,in 2017.
Matata Ponyo Mapon is a Congolese political figure who was Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 18 April 2012 to 17 November 2016. Previously he served as Minister of Finance from 21 February 2010 to 12 April 2012;as Prime Minister,he retained responsibility for the finance portfolio. He currently serves as Senator for Maniema.
Noël Kabamba Tshiani Muadiamvita is a Congolese economist and politician. He was a presidential candidate in the 2018 Congolese general election. In 2021 and 2023,Tshiani proposed a law to restrict various government positions to only individuals who were born to Congolese parents.
Nicolas Kazadi is a Congolese politician and career diplomat who has been Ambassador-at-large for the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 7 March 2019 and Minister of Finance since 12 April 2021.
Antoinette Dinga Dzondo is a Congolese politician who was the Republic of the Congo's Minister of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action from 2016 to 2021.
Congolese