River Plate Fresh Meat Company

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River Plate Fresh Meat Company
Company type Private
Industry Meat-packing industry
Founded1882
Founder George Wilkinson Drabble
Defunct1926 (1926)
Headquarters London

The River Plate Fresh Meat Company was the first meat-packing industry that used refrigeration in South America. It operated in Argentina, Uruguay, and the United Kingdom, it was founded in 1882 by George Wilkinson Drabble. They are believed to be responsible for the name of Argentine association football club "Club Atlético River Plate" and the asado de tira. On 30 July 1924 the main factory, located in South America, suffered a major fire in the refrigeration department, it's considered one of the reasons of the closure of the company in 1926.

Contents

History

The River Plate Fresh Meat Company was founded in London in 1882 by Drabble and his brother James Drabble, in an attempt to use the refrigeration in the international meat industry, after buying in 1877 two De La Vergne refrigeration machines, which produced up to 5,000 kg of ice per day and lowered the temperature in the cold rooms to −10 °C. [1] [2] This made it possible to preserve meat without drying it or salting it before export, as had been the case previously. Its South American factory was in Campana, Argentina. In 25 November 1883, it made its first shipment of refrigerated meat, which arrived successfully in London in January 1884. [3] A visitor to the company in 1883 recalled "the imposing and novel sight of the freezing chambers, with their long rows of sheep carcasses wrapped in immaculately clean linen". [1] As a way to compete with New Zealand meat companies, Drabble introduced the Lincoln race, as sheep from the River Plate were too small compared to the New Zealand sheep. [1]

Panoramic picture of the factory in Campana c. 1900 Frigorifico River Plate Fresh Meat Co - Campana - Argentina - Ca 1900 (cropped, bottom) Edit.jpg
Panoramic picture of the factory in Campana c. 1900

In 1884, Drabble expanded the company to Uruguay, setting up a base in Real de San Carlos, which was dedicated to the export of refrigerated sheep meat. In 1888, the Uruguayan factory was closed due to the tariff war with Argentina, but the company continued to purchase sheep in Uruguay, which it transported across the River Plate. [4] [1]

In 1895, the British Biographical Company, described it as, "the most unsuccessful with which he [Wilkinson] has been connected". [5] However following rapid growth, the River Plate Fresh Meat Company merged with other companies in 1897 to form the Cold Storage Company with a capital of £12,758,217 and took over the business of the British and Argentine Meat Co. (including James Nelson & Sons and The River Plate Fresh Meat Co.), Eastmans Ltd., Proprietors of Fletchers Ltd owned by W. and R. Fletcher, Argenta Meat Co., British Beef Co., North Australian Meat Co., Lonsdale and Thompson & Co., John Layton & Co., Donald Cook & Son, Blackfriars and Carterage Co. and Pure Ice Co. Ltd, and also held a stake in the Blue Star Line of Meat Transports, which had a capital of £3,250,000. [6]

The export volume of the River Plate Fresh Meat Company was as follows:

Product1901 [7] 1904 [8] 1905 [8] 1906 [8] 1907 [8] 1908 [8] 1909 [8] 1912 [9] 1913 [9]
Frozen sheep and lambs865.000692.000554.000424.000485.000408.666261.166234.322
Frozen beef quarters29.919349.000383.000409.000349.000456.000238.815371.339267.491
Chilled beef quarters184.903237.338263.742
George Wilkinson Drabble George W. Drabble (cropped).png
George Wilkinson Drabble

The first engineer and manager of the company in Argentina was John Angus, under whose leadership a large part of the facilities in Campana were built. In 1893, he moved to Buenos Aires to serve as the company's manager, a position he held until 1905, when he retired. In 1899, George Wilkinson Drabble died, and Henry Bell took over as chairman for three years. His successor was Charles Drabble, who was in turn succeeded by John A. Wood as chairman, with Drabble continuing to serve as a director. John Wood had been manager and secretary in London since the company's founding, and Sidney Young, who had been with the company since 1884, succeeded him in that role. [10]

Reformer Athletic Club

British employees of the River Plate Fresh Meat Company, founded a multi-sporting club by the name of Reformer Athletic Club in 1903, it was mainly known for playing association football, but played other sports like athletics, bocce, cricket, and tennis. The team dissolved in 1910. [11] [12]

In the United Kingdom

Inside a shop in the United Kingdom Fotografia del interior de la carniceria del frigorifico The River Plate Fresh Meat tomada el ano 1915.jpg
Inside a shop in the United Kingdom

The majority of Argentine meat was bought by Britishmen, that wanted cuts with more meat with fewer bones and grease. [13] By 1900, the River Plate Meat Company already had 100 sales branches in the United Kingdom, which attracted attention with their uniform signage. [14] The company's London offices were located at Cecil House, Holborn Viaduct. The company achieved high trading profits of £67,822 in 1901, which increased to £272,475 in 1902, and paid a dividend of 10% and a bonus of 2 and 4 shillings per share in those two years. [10] After that, Argentine imports to Great Britain continued to increase, leading to competition on the London meat market with the Beef Trust of the United States and Australian and New Zealand meat exporters. Argentine meat was offered in London at a significantly lower price than meat from the United States, and was therefore very successful. [15] Before the First World War, the company already had 440 butcher shops before merging with James Nelson Ltd. in 1914 to form the British & Argentine Meat Co. [16]

Fire of the factory in Campana

Picture of the fire, seen from the port of Campana. Fotografia del incendio del frigorifico de Campana del establecimiento Anglo Sudamericano visto desde los muelles del puerto, 30 de julio 1924.jpg
Picture of the fire, seen from the port of Campana.

On 30 July 1924, between 8.30 and 9 a.m, a major fire broke out in various places in the refrigeration department that lasted three days, which consisted of several sheds of 120 x 30 metres each, the cause of which could not be determined. This is one of the reasons why the factory was finally closed in 1926, making the company close permanently. [17] [18]

Club Atlético River Plate

The name of the Argentine club River Plate comes from a vote held in 1901 by the board of directors, in which the club's name had to be chosen, with the proposal "River Plate" winning. It is believed that Pedro Martínez (who proposed the name) saw the name on some "mysterious boxes". Furthermore, it is theorised that these were boxes containing machine parts destined for the River Plate Fresh Meat Company. [19]

Asado de Tira

Inside the factory with workers, c. 1910 Frigorifico Campana, Argentina.jpg
Inside the factory with workers, c. 1910

The asado de tira was invented by workers at the River Plate Fresh Meat Company. After a steam saw imported from Europe was installed in their slaughterhouse, the beef was deboned before export. The ribs were discarded whole, as they were considered to be of low quality and little value. The factory workers, most of whom had grown up in the countryside, began cutting the separated ribs into small pieces. They took them home after work to grill them. Previously, the rib roast had been roasted whole on a spit without cutting off the ribs. [20] [21] [22]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "George Drabble, Un Burgués Moderno y Visionario de Ambos Márgenes del Río de La Plata". Diario Actualidad (in Spanish). 19 July 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  2. ↑ Vesco, Leandro (22 February 2019). "¿De dónde viene el asado de tira, el más argentino de los cortes de carne?". LA NACION (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  3. ↑ Moral, Por Milton Del (11 May 2019). "La curiosa historia del asado de tira: cómo una innovación tecnológica ayudó en el nacimiento de un emblema argentino". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  4. ↑ Scirgalea, Sebastián Rivero. "La historia de la River Plate Fresh Meat Company, la primera industria cárnica de Colonia del Sacramento". la diaria (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  5. ↑ Miscellaneous, London-IV [Appendix- (1895). Leading Men of London: A Collection of Biographical Sketches, with Portraits. British Biographical Company. p. 187.
  6. ↑ E. G. Jones (26 June 1929), "The Argentine Refrigerated Meat Industry", Economica, no. 26, pp. 156–172, doi:10.2307/2548200, ISSN   0013-0427, JSTOR   2548200
  7. ↑ Elmer L. Corthell (1903), "Two Years in Argentine as the Consulting Engineer of National Public Works", Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, vol. 35, no. 5, Taylor & Francis Ltd., pp. 439–471, doi:10.2307/198071, ISSN   0190-5929, JSTOR   198071
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 James Davenport Whelpley: Trade Development in Argentina, Ausgaben 37-43. United States Department of Commerce and Labor. S. 54.
  9. 1 2 Daily Consular and Trade Reports. Teil 1, Ausgaben 1–75, 1914, S. 781.
  10. 1 2 James Troubridge Critchell and Joseph Raymond: A history of the frozen meat trade, an account of the development and present day methods of preparation, transportation, and marketing of frozen and chilled meats. 1912.
  11. ↑ "Equipos que no jugaron con Huracán". www.globopedia.com.ar. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  12. ↑ "La Noticia Regional - Diario Independiente de la mañana". lanoticiaregional.com.ar. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  13. ↑ "¿Es nacional el asado de tira? Sí, cien por ciento". Periodismo Misionero (in Spanish). 28 February 2025. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  14. ↑ David M. Higgins, Dev Gangjee (June 2010), ""Trick or Treat?" The Misrepresentation of American Beef Exports in Britain during the Late Nineteenth Century", Enterprise & Society, vol. 11, no. 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 203–241, hier S. 216, ISSN   1467-2227, JSTOR   23701293
  15. ↑ Elmer L. Corthell (1903), "Two Years in Argentine as the Consulting Engineer of National Public Works", Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, vol. 35, no. 5, Taylor & Francis Ltd., pp. 439–471, doi:10.2307/198071, ISSN   0190-5929, JSTOR   198071
  16. ↑ 14th March 1914. Decline of the retail butcher.
  17. ↑ "La historia de la tira de asado: ¿descarte, corte gourmet o producto esencial?" (in Spanish). 2 May 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  18. ↑ "Campana y su frigorífico: la (in)dependencia. económica de una Company Town". docplayer.es. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  19. ↑ Vogel, Daniel Armando (4 April 2018). "River Plate: ¿Del Frigorífico Al Club?". El Debate (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  20. ↑ Leandro Vesco und Mauro V. Rizzi: ¿De dónde viene el asado de tira, el más argentino de los cortes de carne? (Woher kommt das Asado de Tira, des argentinischsten aller Fleischstücke?). La Nacion, 22. Februar 2019.
  21. ↑ "Un historiador en busca del origen del asado de tira". www.telam.com.ar. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
  22. ↑ Claudio Valerio: Asado de Tira. Clasico Argento - Legado Campanense. 2017 ISBN   978-987-40-3315-4 (In Spanish, articulo.mercadolibre.com.ar).
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