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The Courts of England and Wales,supported administratively by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service,are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales.
A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or puisne court,elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction,such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve,and are usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office. Some jurisdictions have varying forms of training for JPs.
Duncan James Colquhoun Kerr,SC is a barrister. He is a former justice of the Federal Court of Australia. He also served as President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal from 2012 to 2017.
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance,in line with the order of the courts in which they sit,so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in county courts and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales,particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. Originally established pursuant to Title V of the Constitution of 1812 to replace —in all matters that affected justice—the System of Councils,and currently regulated by Title VI of the Constitution of 1978,it has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding illegalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review,except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters,reserved to the Constitutional Court.
The Western Australian Industrial Relations Commission,as constituted under the Industrial Relations Act 1979,conciliates and arbitrates industrial disputes,sets conditions of employment and fixes wages and salaries by making industrial awards,approves enterprise agreements and decides claims of unfair dismissal in the State of Western Australia,with respect to those employers not regulated by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Fair Work Act 2009.
The Magistrates Court of the Australian Capital Territory is a court of summary jurisdiction that deals with the majority of criminal law matters and the majority of small civil law matters in the Australian Capital Territory,the Jervis Bay Territory and the Australian Antarctic Territory.
Major General Leonard William Roberts-Smith,is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia. From February 2005,he was one of the inaugural Judges of the Court of Appeal Division,having been first appointed to the Supreme Court on 6 November 2000. From May 2007,he served as Commissioner of the Corruption and Crime Commission of Western Australia,having been appointed for a five-year term. He retired on 31 January 2011.
Sir Richard Arthur Blackburn,was an Australian judge,prominent legal academic and military officer. He became a judge of three courts in Australia,and eventually became chief justice of the Australian Capital Territory. In the 1970s he decided one of Australia's earliest Aboriginal Land rights cases. The annual Sir Richard Blackburn Memorial lectures in Canberra commemorate his service to the Australian legal community.
Patrick Anthony Keane is the 11th non-permanent international judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal since 6 April 2023,after his retirement as a Justice of the High Court of Australia. He is currently the Chair of the Expert Advisory Group set up by the Australian Government to guide reforms to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. He is a former Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
The Judges' Council is a body in England and Wales that,representing the judiciary,advises the Lord Chief Justice on judicial matters. It has its historical roots in the original Council of the Judges of the Supreme Court,created by the Judicature Act 1873 to oversee the new Supreme Court of Judicature. This body initially met regularly,reforming the procedure used by the circuit courts,and the new High Court of Justice but met less regularly as time went on,meeting only twice between 1900 and 1907,with a gap of ten years between meetings in 1940 and 1950 respectively. After relative inactivity,it was eventually wound up through the Supreme Court Act 1981,which contained no provisions for its continued existence,something Denis Dobson attributes to newer bodies which performed the duties the Council had originally been created to do.
Sir Howard Andrew Clive Morrison,is a British lawyer and from 2011 to 2021 a Judge of the International Criminal Court based in The Hague,Netherlands. Currently UK advisor on war crimes to the Ukrainian Prosecutor General.
Paul Henri Ernest de Royer was a French lawyer,magistrate and politician. He was Minister of Justice in 1851 under the French Second Republic,and again from 1857 to 1859 under the Second French Empire.
The National Company Law Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies. The tribunal was established under the Companies Act 2013 and was constituted on 1 June 2016 by the government of India and is based on the recommendation of the V. Balakrishna Eradi committee on law relating to the insolvency and the winding up of companies.
Clarence Lindsay Hermes was an Australian barrister and magistrate.
Carlos Lesmes Serrano is a Spanish magistrate and prosecutor who served as president of the Supreme Court and president of the General Council of the Judiciary (CGPJ) from 2013 to 2022. Since December 2018,he served in acting capacity in both posts,as his mandate expired at the time and the renovation of the CGPJ was blocked from then on. He is seen as a Conservative jurist with a religious background.
The South Australian Employment Tribunal,which also sits as the South Australian Employment Court is a South Australian tribunal empowered to adjudicate on rights and liabilities arising out of employment. It has existed in some form or another since 1912,under various names.
Lorraine Anne Walker is the Chief Magistrate of the Australian Capital Territory and was an Acting Judge of Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory.
Glenn Sacha Theakston is a Magistrate of the Australian Capital Territory. He was appointed as a Magistrate on 30 May 2016 and Acting Chief Magistrate on 1 August 2019 following Lorraine Walker's appointment to the ACT Supreme Court as an Acting Judge.
The King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice deals with a wide range of common law cases and has supervisory responsibility over certain lower courts.
References
- 1 2 "Former and Current Magistrates". ACT Magistrates Court. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gilbert, Ewan (18 October 2013). "Formal welcome for ACT's newest magistrate". ABC News. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 johnboy. "Robert Cook heads to the bench". The RiotACT. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 Inman, Michael; Knaus, Christopher (21 August 2013). "New magistrate appointed". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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