Robert E. Hall (physician)

Last updated
Robert Elliott Hall
Born
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Died1995
Stamford, Connecticut, US
Education Columbia University (MD, 1947)
Occupation(s)obstetrician
psychiatrist
professor

Robert Elliott Hall was an American obstetrician, psychiatrist, professor, and early advocate for the liberalization of abortion law in the United States. He founded the Association for the Study of Abortion with Alan F. Guttmacher in 1965, the first national abortion-rights organization in the country, and served as its chair. He and Guttmacher were considered the two most prominent physicians advocating for liberalization of abortion law in the US. [1] Hall published many medical papers, as well as materials aimed at the general public, particularly relating to abortion law.

Contents

Biography

Hall was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied medicine at Harvard University in Cambridge Mass and at Columbia University in NYC., graduating in 1947. Between 1948 and 1976, he worked as a physician at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and taught at Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons. [2] During this time he published more than 70 medical papers. [3] He also wrote a popular 1963 book, Nine Months' Reading -- A Medical Guide for Pregnant Women. [2]

After 1976, he spent most of the remainder of his life practicing psychiatry from his home in [Riverdale, New York City]. He died of cancer in 1995 at the age of 70. [2]

Abortion activism

In 1963, Hall wrote an article for Columbia's alumni magazine arguing for the liberalization of abortion laws, citing the case of Sherri Finkbine, who was unable to obtain a legal abortion in the US after taking the drug Thalidomide, which was subsequently discovered to cause birth defects. [4]

In 1965, Hall co-founded the Association for the Study of Abortion (ASA) with Alan F. Guttmacher, then president of Planned Parenthood. [5] : 31  Hall served as the chairman of ASA, which funded research into abortion practices and law, and published educational materials aimed at the public.

In 1966, Hall wrote an article for Newsweek magazine titled "The Abortion Epidemic". In it, he estimated that around half of abortions performed in the country were done for reasons which were not permitted by the laws of most states: to preserve the mental health of the mother or because the child was likely to suffer from birth defects. He also warned that current practice effectively discriminated against poor mothers, for example by requiring multiple psychiatric consultations to establish whether an abortion would be permitted. [6]

Initially Hall and ASA took the conservative position of advocating for "reform" of state abortion laws—for example by legalizing abortion in a wider range of cases of "medical necessity" beyond those which threatened the life of the mother—rather than "repeal" (i.e. legal abortion on demand). However, by early 1969, Hall had embraced the repeal position as viable, [1] and ASA would provide legal support to the lawyers who argued the landmark 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade . The organization was dissolved after the court issued its decision in the case, finding that the right to choose an abortion was protected by a constitutional right to privacy.

Hall was criticized by some other abortion rights advocates for his view that abortions should be performed only in hospitals by specially-trained obstetricians. [2]

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Abortion in New York is legal at all stages of pregnancy, although abortions after the point of viability require a physician's approval. Abortion was legalized up to the 24th week of pregnancy in New York (NY) in 1970, three years before it was decriminalized for the entire United States with the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade in 1973. Roe v. Wade was later overturned in 2022 by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. The Reproductive Health Act, passed in 2019 in New York, further allows abortions past the 24th week of pregnancy if a woman's life or health is at risk or if the fetus is not viable. However, since these exceptions are not defined by the law, and the law carries no criminal penalties, abortion is effectively legal throughout pregnancy.

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Abortion in Washington is legal up to the point of fetal viability. 60% of adults said in a poll by the Pew Research Center that abortion should be legal in all or most cases.

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The Association for the Study of Abortion(ASA) was an American organization founded around 1965 dedicated to the study of abortion and advocacy for the liberalization of abortion law. Its founding members included the obstetrician-gynecologists Alan F. Guttmacher (then president of Planned Parenthood) and Robert E. Hall, who served as the organization's initial chairman.

References

  1. 1 2 Garrow, David J. (20 June 1993). "A Look at... Roe v. Wade v. Ginsburg: History Lesson for the Judge". Washington Post.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Saxon, Wolfgang (13 October 1995). "Robert E. Hall, 70, Campaigner For Liberalized Abortion Laws". New York Times.
  3. ↑ "Robert E. Hall". Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library - VPS Obituary Database. 1997.
  4. ↑ Garrow, David J. (2015). Liberty and Sexuality: The Right to Privacy and the Making of Roe v. Wade. Open Road Media. ISBN   9781504015554.
  5. ↑ Greenhouse, Linda; Siegel, Reva (2012). Before Roe V. Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling (PDF) (2 ed.). Yale Law School. ISBN   9780615648217.
  6. ↑ Maloy, Kate; Patterson, Margaret Jones (2013). Birth or Abortion?: Private Struggles in a Political World. Springer. ISBN   9781489961426.
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