The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC),also called the FISA Court,is a U.S. federal court established under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense,under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring,collection,and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes,specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. communications networks and information systems. The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its mission,the majority of which are clandestine. The NSA has roughly 32,000 employees.
The National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal (NIDSM) is a decoration awarded for service to the United States Intelligence Community. The decoration is awarded to any member or contributor to the National Intelligence Community,either civilian or military,who distinguishes themselves by meritorious actions to the betterment of national security in the United States of America,through sustained and selfless service of the highest order.
The State Security Service(SSS),self-styled as the Department of State Services (DSS),is a security agency in Nigeria and one of three successor organisations to the National Security Organization (NSO). The agency is under the Presidency of Nigeria,and it reports its activities direct to the President,office of the ONSA,headquartered in Abuja.
Project SHAMROCK was the sister project to Project MINARET,an espionage exercise started in August 1945. Project MINARET involved the accumulation of all telegraphic data that entered or exited the United States. The Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) and its successor,the National Security Agency (NSA),were given direct access to daily microfilm copies of all incoming,outgoing,and transiting telegrams via the Western Union and its associates RCA and ITT. NSA did the operational interception,and,if there was information that would be of interest to other intelligence agencies,the material was passed to them. Intercepted messages were disseminated to the FBI,CIA,Secret Service,Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD),and the Department of Defense. No court authorized the operation and there were no warrants.
The National Security Advisor is the senior official on the National Security Council of India,and the chief advisor to the Prime Minister of India on national security policy and international affairs. In 2019,the term of Ajit Doval the current NSA was extended for another 5-year term,and has been assigned the rank of a Union Cabinet Minister and ranks at the seventh position in the Indian Order of Precedence.
The National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) is the primary intelligence gathering and analysis arm of the Government of the Philippines in charge of carrying out overt,covert,and clandestine intelligence activities. The NICA directs,coordinates,and integrates all intelligence activities,both foreign and domestic,concerning national security,serving as the leading intelligence collector of the national government,focusing on the country's strategic intelligence requirements. It is mandated to prepare intelligence estimate on local and foreign situation for the formulation of national security policies by the President and the National Security Council.
John Chris Inglis,generally known as Chris Inglis,is an American government official who served as the first National Cyber Director. Inglis is also a former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency. On April 12,2021 President Joe Biden nominated Inglis to serve as the first National Cyber Director. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on June 17,2021. He was sworn into office on July 11,2021. He resigned from the position on February 15,2023.
The Project on National Security Reform (PNSR) was a nonpartisan non-profit organization mandated by the United States Congress to recommend improvements to the U.S. national security system. Advocates of reform of the U.S. national security system contend that the fundamental components of the system,which includes the National Security Council,the Department of Defense,the Department of State,the Central Intelligence Agency,among others,were largely designed via the National Security Act of 1947 in order to combat the Soviet Union. Today's global security environment,largely due to globalization,is much more complex than it was during the Cold War. PNSR argues that government structures need to be more agile and efficient in order to combat new threats such as terrorism,transnational crime,and rogue states.
Seth Cropsey is an American political figure and former United States Department of Defense official. He is the president of the Yorktown Institute,which describes itself as "a think tank dedicated to securing American liberty,prosperity,and self-governance under the U.S. Constitution." He is a former U.S. Navy officer.
Matthew Glen Olsen is an American attorney who has served as the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division since 2021. He is the former director of the National Counterterrorism Center.
The Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI) outlines U.S. cybersecurity goals across multiple agencies including the Department of Homeland Security,the Office of Management and Budget,and the National Security Agency. The initiative was established by President George W. Bush in January 2008 in National Security Presidential Directive 54/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 23 (NSPD-54/HSPD-23).
The Office of Tailored Access Operations (TAO),now Computer Network Operations,and structured as S32,is a cyber-warfare intelligence-gathering unit of the National Security Agency (NSA). It has been active since at least 1998,possibly 1997,but was not named or structured as TAO until "the last days of 2000," according to General Michael Hayden.
Robert Leo Prestel is an American intelligence official and mathematician who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1990 to 1994,during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency. Prestel joined the NSA in 1962 and held many positions prior to being appointed as deputy director,including Director of Education and Training from Deputy Director for Research and Engineering. Among other positions Prestel has served in include trustee for the Institute for Defense Analyses and on the Board of Directors of WJ Communications. He currently serves as trustee emeritus of Institute for Defense Analyses.
Charles Richard Lord was an American intelligence official who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1986 to 1988 during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency.
Robert Edwin Drake was an American intelligence official who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1978 to 1980 during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency.
Benson Kirk Buffham was an American intelligence official who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1978 to 1980 during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency.
XKeyscore is a secret computer system used by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) for searching and analyzing global Internet data,which it collects in real time. The NSA has shared XKeyscore with other intelligence agencies,including the Australian Signals Directorate,Canada's Communications Security Establishment,New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau,Britain's Government Communications Headquarters,Japan's Defense Intelligence Headquarters,and Germany's Bundesnachrichtendienst.
Ongoing news reports in the international media have revealed operational details about the Anglophone cryptographic agencies' global surveillance of both foreign and domestic nationals. The reports mostly emanate from a cache of top secret documents leaked by ex-NSA contractor Edward Snowden,which he obtained whilst working for Booz Allen Hamilton,one of the largest contractors for defense and intelligence in the United States. In addition to a trove of U.S. federal documents,Snowden's cache reportedly contains thousands of Australian,British,Canadian and New Zealand intelligence files that he had accessed via the exclusive "Five Eyes" network. In June 2013,the first of Snowden's documents were published simultaneously by The Washington Post and The Guardian,attracting considerable public attention. The disclosure continued throughout 2013,and a small portion of the estimated full cache of documents was later published by other media outlets worldwide,most notably The New York Times,the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation,the Australian Broadcasting Corporation,Der Spiegel (Germany),O Globo (Brazil),Le Monde (France),L'espresso (Italy),NRC Handelsblad,Dagbladet (Norway),El País (Spain),and Sveriges Television (Sweden).
A deputy chief of space operations is a senior leadership position in the United States Space Force. There are four deputy chiefs of space operations in the Space Force,staffed either by a lieutenant general or a senior executive service personnel. They are the service's equivalent to the Army's and Air Force's deputy chiefs of staff,the Marine Corps' deputy commandants,and the Navy's deputy chiefs of naval operations. They are part of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations and hold office at the Pentagon.
