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The Tohono Oʼodham are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert,residing primarily in the U.S. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The United States federally recognized tribe is the Tohono Oʼodham Nation.
The Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) is an Indian reservation in the U.S. state of Arizona,lying adjacent to the south side of the cities of Chandler and Phoenix,within the Phoenix Metropolitan Area in Pinal and Maricopa counties. The Gila River Indian Community was established in 1859,and the Gila River Indian Community was formally established by Congress in 1939. The community is home for members of both the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and the Pee-Posh (Maricopa) tribes.
The Akimel O'odham,also called the Pima,are a group of Native Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona,as well as northwestern Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua. The majority population of the two current bands of the Akimel O'odham in the United States are based in two reservations:the Keli Akimel Oʼodham on the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) and the On'k Akimel O'odham on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC).
The Maricopa or Piipaash are a Native American tribe,who live in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community along with the Pima,a tribe with whom the Maricopa have long held a positive relationship. The Maricopa at the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community consist mostly of Xalychidom Piipaash members and are concentrated in Lehi. The Maricopa at the Gila River Indian Community are concentrated in Maricopa Colony. The Maricopa are a River Yuman group,formerly living along the banks of the Colorado River.
The Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe and Native American community located in the Santa Cruz Valley in Pinal County,Arizona,37 miles south of Phoenix and near the city of Maricopa. The Community is composed mainly of Akimel Oʼodham and Tohono Oʼodham,as well as some ethnic Hia-Ced Oʼodham members. According to the 2020 United States Census,the reservation has 1,070 residents. The Community comprises over 1,100 members that live on and off the reservation.
The O'odham peoples,including the Tohono O'odham,the Pima or Akimel O'odham,and the Hia C-ed O'odham,are indigenous Uto-Aztecan peoples of the Sonoran desert in southern and central Arizona and northern Sonora,united by a common heritage language,the O'odham language. Today,many O'odham live in the Tohono O'odham Nation,the San Xavier Indian Reservation,the Gila River Indian Community,the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community,the Ak-Chin Indian Community or off-reservation in one of the cities or towns of Arizona.
The Fort Apache Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation on the border of New Mexico and Arizona,United States,encompassing parts of Navajo,Gila,and Apache counties. It is home to the federally recognized White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,a Western Apache tribe. It has a land area of 1.6 million acres and a population of 12,429 people as of the 2000 census. The largest community is in Whiteriver.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona is a federally recognized tribe of Yaqui Native Americans in the state of Arizona.
Arizona's 7th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The district stretches along the Mexico–United States border and includes the western third of Tucson,parts of Yuma and Nogales,as well as Avondale and Tolleson in Metro Phoenix. It is currently represented by Democrat Raúl Grijalva.
The Colorado River Indian Tribes is a federally recognized tribe consisting of the four distinct ethnic groups associated with the Colorado River Indian Reservation:the Mohave,Chemehuevi,Hopi,and Navajo. The tribe has about 4,277 enrolled members. A total population of 9,485 currently resides within the tribal reservation according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey data.
State Route 347,also known as John Wayne Parkway,is a 28.69 miles (46.17 km) long,north–south state highway in central Arizona. The route begins at SR 84 and heads north. It passes through Maricopa,meeting SR 238. The route ends at an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10) south of Chandler. It primarily serves as the major road to Maricopa;much of the road lies within the Gila River Indian Community,with another short stretch through the Ak-Chin Indian Community. The road was built in the late 1930s and established as a state highway in the 1990s. On average,between 4,000 and 35,000 vehicles use the roadway daily.
The Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) comprises two distinct Native American tribes—the Pima and the Maricopa —many of whom were originally part of the Halchidhoma (Xalchidom) tribe. The community was permanently created by an Executive Order of US President Rutherford Birchard Hayes on June 14th,1879. The community area includes 53,600 acres (217 km2),of which 19,000 remain a natural preserve. As of 2022,the total population is 7,386. The community is a federally recognized tribe located in Arizona.
The Hia C-eḍOʼodham,also known as Areneños or Sand Papagos,are a Native American peoples whose traditional homeland lies between the Ajo Range,the Gila River,the Colorado River,and the Gulf of California. They are currently unrecognized at both the state and federal level in the United States and Mexico,although the Tohono Oʼodham Nation has a committee for issues related to them and has land held in trust for them. They are represented by a community organization known as the Hia-Ced Oʼodham Alliance. The Hia C-eḍOʼodham are no longer nomadic,and the majority today live in or near Ajo,Arizona,or the small settlements of Blaisdell and Dome near Yuma.
The Tohono Oʼodham Nation is the collective government body of the Tohono Oʼodham tribe in the United States. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs four separate pieces of land with a combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km2),approximately the size of Connecticut and the second largest Indigenous land holding in the United States. These lands are located within the Sonoran Desert of south central Arizona and border the Mexico–United States border for 74 miles (119 km) along its southern border. The Nation is organized into 11 local districts and employs a tripartite system of government. Sells is the Nation's largest community and functions as its capital. The Nation has approximately 34,000 enrolled members,the majority of whom live off of the reservations.
Jay R. Morago Jr. was an activist of the Gila River Indian Community and was elected as their first governor. He helped to draft the reservation's first constitution in 1960. Morago served as the governor of the Gila River Indian Community from 1954 until 1960.
The Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation,is an Indian reservation of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation located in Arizona,United States. The reservation had a total 2000 census population of 10,787. The reservation has a land area of 4,340.984 square miles (11,243.098 km2),97.48 percent of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation total area. The reservation encompasses portions of central Pima,southwestern Pinal,and southeastern Maricopa Counties.
The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development,also known as the Harvard Project,was founded in 1987 at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. It administers tribal awards programs as well as provides support for students and conducting research. The Harvard Project aims to understand and foster the conditions under which sustained,self-determined social and economic development is achieved among American Indian nations through applied research and service.
Tohono Oʼodham Community College (TOCC) is a public tribal land-grant community college in Sells,Arizona. TOCC's student body is 88 percent American Indian/Alaskan Native. Tohono Oʼodham Community College serves approximately 216 students. The college's faculty and staff is 57 percent American Indian,half of whom are Oʼodham.
The Machita incident refers to events in southern Arizona between October 1940 and May 1941 related to the resistance by traditional O'odham chief and medicine man,Pia Machita,to the United States draft of Native American men in the World War II era. Because the government feared his influence among Native American peoples,tribal and federal forces attempted to arrest Machita in October for this resistance.
Gila Bend Indian Reservation was one of three Tohono O'odham Nations 3 reservations,with this one being the smallest both geographically and demographically,with only 625 people on it.
References
- 1 2 "Community Council – Official Website of the Ak-Chin Indian Community". Ak-Chin Indian Community. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stapleton, John (11 January 2022). "Robert Miguel Chairman of the Ak-Chin Indian Community". Golden Corridor LIVING Magazine. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- 1 2 Loeschman, Matt (11 May 2022). "Avnet, Ak-Chin and Gila River join Arizona Super Bowl Host Committee". The Daily Independent at YourValley.net. Retrieved 28 July 2022.