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The Hudson's Bay Company is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, it became the largest and oldest corporation in Canada, and now owns and operates retail stores across the country. The company's namesake business division is Hudson's Bay, commonly referred to as The Bay.
The Battle of Seven Oaks was a violent confrontation in the Pemmican War between the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the North West Company (NWC), rivals in the fur trade, that took place on 19 June 1816, the climax of a long dispute in western Canada. The Métis people fought for the North West Company, and they called it "the Victory of Frog Plain".
The Red River Rebellion, also known as the Red River Resistance, Red River uprising, or First Riel Rebellion, was the sequence of events that led up to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in the early stages of establishing today's Canadian province of Manitoba. It had earlier been a territory called Rupert's Land and been under control of the Hudson's Bay Company before it was sold.
Sir George Simpson was a Scottish explorer and colonial governor of the Hudson's Bay Company during the period of its greatest power. From 1820 to 1860, he was in practice, if not in law, the British viceroy for the whole of Rupert's Land, an enormous territory of 3.9 millions square kilometers corresponding to nearly forty percent of modern-day Canada.
Andrew McDermot was a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) employee who became an independent fur trade merchant and member of the Council of Assiniboia.
Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, known as Sir Donald A. Smith between May 1886 and August 1897, was a Scottish-born Canadian businessman who became one of the British Empire's foremost builders and philanthropists. He became commissioner, governor and principal shareholder of the Hudson's Bay Company. He was president of the Bank of Montreal and with his first cousin, George Stephen, co-founded the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and afterwards represented Montreal in the House of Commons of Canada. He was Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1896 to 1914. He was chairman of Burmah Oil and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. He was chancellor of McGill University (1889–1914) and the University of Aberdeen.
William Mactavish was a Scottish Hudson's Bay Company clerk, accountant, and chief trader. Mainly known for his dual-position as Governor of Assiniboia, and Governor of Rupert's Land, he played a major role in the development of Western Canada. Mactavish is frequently criticized for his role in the Red River Rebellion.
Fort Douglas was the Selkirk Settlement fort and the first fort associated with the Hudson's Bay Company near the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in today's city of Winnipeg. Named for Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, founder of the Selkirk Settlement, the fort was built by Scottish and Irish settlers beginning in 1813. Completed in 1815, it was in the immediate vicinity of the North West Company establishment, Fort Gibraltar.
Fort Carlton was a Hudson's Bay Company fur trading post from 1795 until 1885. It was located along the North Saskatchewan River not far from Duck Lake. It is in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and was rebuilt by the government of Saskatchewan as a feature of a provincial historic park and can be visited today. It is about 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Saskatoon.
Colin Robertson was an early Canadian fur trader and political figure. He led the Hudson's Bay Company expedition to Lake Athabasca, and was later captured by competitor Samuel Black of the North West Company.
John Ballenden was one of the Scottish fur traders that the Hudson’s Bay Company recruited to administer that trade in North America.
William Joseph Christie (1824–1899) was an early Canadian politician and prominent Hudson's Bay Company employee. He served as a Councilor on the Temporary North-West Council from 1872 to 1873.
Alexander Christie was a Scottish fur trader and chief factor of the Red River Colony from 1833 to 1839 and from 1844 to 1848. Christie was instrumental in leading trading ceremonies on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) while he served in a role known as chief factor. When he retired, he received a half share in the company's profits for two years beyond the normal retirement period.
John Peter Pruden was an early pioneer of western Canada which at the time was known as Rupert's Land. During his many years of employment as a fur-trader with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), he had extensive interactions with such First Nations as the Cree and Blackfoot. He was known to have spoken Cree fluently, a fact which was confirmed by HBC administrator Sir George Simpson in his famous but "sometimes erratic" 1832 Character Book.
William Charles was a Pacific coast pioneer, Hudson's Bay Company factor, and a prominent figure in the early history of British Columbia.
William Kennedy was a Canadian fur trader, politician, and historian.
Asleep by the frozen sea is a phrase coined by Joseph Robson to describe the policy of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) from its foundation in 1670 until the establishment of its first inland post in 1774. Unlike the French who sent Coureurs des bois inland to trade, the HBC built posts on Hudson Bay and waited for the Indians to bring furs to them. The decision to abandon this policy and move inland gradually turned the HBC into an informal government for western Canada and led ultimately to the confederation of western and eastern Canada.
William Connolly (1786-1848) was an Anglo-Canadian fur trader who oversaw activities in New Caledonia, now located within modern-day British Columbia.
James Isham (1716–1761) was chief factor (master) at both York Factory and Fort Prince of Wales in Canada during the mid-1700s. He kept detailed journals that described life in the region, including flora and fauna that were unknown to people in England at that time. His journals are important historical documents and he is well known to scholars of the fur trade in Canada during the early years of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).
Joseph Robson was an 18th-century stonemason, surveyor and author, best known for writing about the decades he spent constructing forts for the Hudson's Bay Company.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Joan Craig. "PILGRIM, ROBERT, HBC mariner and chief factor; buried 1 Dec. 1750 at Hackney (now in London), England". Dictionary of Canadian Biography . Retrieved 2020-02-03.
The HBC's trust of important charges to Pilgrim had been unwise. He was soon at odds with neighbouring factors and with Joseph Robson, Robert Evison, and others of his subordinates. He traded unfairly with the Indians and neglected the maintenance of fort buildings. To a query about him from the London committee, Thomas White, who took charge at Moose in 1751, replied, 'Mr Pilgrim being dead having very little to say of his general good Character We beg to be excus'd entring into his bad one.'
- ↑ Glyndwr Williams. "ROBSON, JOSEPH, stonemason, surveyor, engineer, critic of the HBC; fl. 1733–63". Dictionary of Canadian Biography . Retrieved 2020-02-03.
Robson's book was of prime importance, since it was the earliest to reflect first-hand knowledge of service with the HBC, and was written by someone who had spent six years in Hudson Bay.
- ↑ Gordon Goldsborough. "Memorable Manitobans: Joseph Robson (?-?)". Manitoba Historical Society . Retrieved 2020-02-03.
It was he who wrote, 'The Company have for eighty years slept at the edge of a frozen sea.'