Robert W. Pratt | |
---|---|
Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa | |
Assumed office July 1, 2012 | |
Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa | |
In office 2006–2011 | |
Preceded by | Ronald Earl Longstaff |
Succeeded by | James E. Gritzner |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa | |
In office May 27,1997 –July 1,2012 | |
Appointed by | Bill Clinton |
Preceded by | Harold Duane Vietor |
Succeeded by | Stephanie Marie Rose |
Personal details | |
Born | Emmetsburg,Iowa,U.S. | May 3,1947
Education | Iowa Lakes Community College (AA) Loras College (BA) Creighton University (JD) |
Robert William Pratt (born May 3,1947) [1] is an inactive senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa. [2]
Pratt was born in Emmetsburg,Iowa. He received an Associate of Arts degree from Iowa Lakes Community College in 1967,a Bachelor of Arts degree from Loras College in 1969,and a Juris Doctor from Creighton University School of Law in 1972. [2] In college,he worked as a construction laborer and factory worker. [1] He was a staff attorney of Polk County Legal Aid Society from 1973 to 1974,during which time his colleagues included future Senator Tom Harkin. [3] He was in private practice in Des Moines,Iowa from 1975 to 1997 at Funaro,Brick,&Pratt,then at Hedberg,Brick,Tann,Pratt &Ward,and then as a sole practitioner. [1] His areas of practice included personal injury,workers' compensation,Social Security,federal indigent criminal defense,and union-side labor law. [1] [3] When he was confirmed,he described himself as having "devoted all of [his] practice to the problems of the low income and working class people of Iowa." [1] He jokes that he "is the only lawyer to have left legal aid and gotten poorer clients." [4] He also worked for Harkin's political campaigns. [1]
On January 7,1997,Pratt was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa vacated by Judge Harold Duane Vietor. Senator Tom Harkin recommended Pratt for the position. [1] Pratt was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 23,1997,and received his commission on May 27,1997. He served as chief judge from 2006 to 2011. He assumed senior status on July 1,2012. [2] Pratt became inactive in 2023.
Pratt is a longtime opponent of the United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines and mandatory sentencing. He wrote in 1999 that "we [have] built a system that incarcerates our fellow citizens for inordinately long periods of time,wastes huge amounts of taxpayer dollars,ruins lives,and does not accomplish the stated purpose." [5] Even after the Sentencing Guidelines became advisory in United States v. Booker ,the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit continued to strictly enforce them,and it reversed Pratt nine times for sentencing below the guidelines. [3] In one of those cases, Gall v. United States ,the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the Eighth Circuit and reaffirmed Pratt's decision to depart from the Sentencing Guidelines to sentence a man to probation rather than prison for a drug crime. [6] Pratt has taught sentencing seminars through the Federal Judicial Center. [3] He has also issued notable decisions upholding Iowa's campaign finance regulations and merit selection system for choosing state judges. [7]
In a December 28,2020,interview with the Associated Press,Pratt criticized President Donald Trump for his pardons,stating that "[i]t's not surprising that a criminal like Trump pardons other criminals" and that "[a]pparently to get a pardon,one has to be either a Republican,a convicted child murderer or a turkey." [8] In June 2021,Pratt apologized for those comments. [9]
On September 13,2021,Pratt issued a temporary restraining order blocking Iowa House File 847,which prohibits local school districts from putting mask mandates in place. This temporary restraining order allowed local school boards to pass their own mask mandates. [10] The Eighth Circuit affirmed Judge Pratt's decision. [11]
Pratt is an elected member of the American Law Institute. [4] He is married with three children. [3]
Steven Michael Colloton is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit since 2003. He became chief judge in March 2024.
Raymond W. Gruender is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Gall v. United States,552 U.S. 38 (2007),was a decision by the United States Supreme Court,which held that the federal appeals courts may not presume that a sentence falling outside the range recommended by the Federal Sentencing Guidelines is unreasonable. Applying this rule to the case at hand,it upheld a sentence of 36 months' probation imposed on a man who pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute ecstasy in the face of a recommended sentence of 30 to 37 months in prison.
Mark Warren Bennett is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa and a professor at Drake University Law School.
Susan Marie Ritchie Bolton is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.
George Gardner Fagg was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Earl Leroy Yeakel III,also known as Lee Yeakel,is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.
Linda Rae Reade is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa.
Roy Laverne Stephenson was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa.
Amul Roger Thapar is an American attorney and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He previously served as a U.S. district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky from 2008 to 2017 and as the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Kentucky from 2006 to 2008. Thapar was President Donald Trump's first Court of Appeals appointment and Trump's second judicial appointment after Justice Neil Gorsuch. Thapar was discussed as a candidate for the Supreme Court of the United States.
Kimberly Kay Reynolds is an American politician serving as the 43rd governor of Iowa since 2017. A member of the Republican Party,Reynolds served as the 46th lieutenant governor of Iowa from 2011 to 2017.
Pepper v. United States,562 U.S. 476 (2011),is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States concerning whether a United States District Court properly handled the sentencing of a former methamphetamine dealer. He was originally sentenced to 24 months in prison,far shorter than what federal guidelines generally specify for crimes of that nature. Prosecutors appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit,which remanded the case back to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa,which affirmed the original sentence after testimony relating the defendant's rehabilitation. The case was appealed to the Eighth Circuit again,and was again remanded. A different District Court judge gave him a 65-month sentence. The defendant then brought the case back to the Eighth Circuit,which confirmed the later ruling,and to then to the Supreme Court. Sonia Sotomayor wrote the opinion of the court,which ruled in favor of the defendant.
Stephanie Marie Rose is the Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa. She is the first female judge to serve in the Southern District.
Luis Felipe Restrepo,known commonly as L. Felipe Restrepo,is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the United States Sentencing Commission.
Rebecca Leigh Goodgame Ebinger is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa and former Iowa state judge.
Nicholas Arthur Klinefeldt is an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa from 2009 to 2015.
Terry Alvin Doughty is the Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. Nominated by President Donald Trump,Doughty served as a judge on the Fifth Judicial District Court in Louisiana from 2009 to 2018.
Jonathan Allen Kobes is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Kathryn Kimball Mizelle is an American lawyer serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. At age 33,she was the youngest person chosen by President Donald Trump for a lifetime judicial appointment.
Stephen Henley Locher is an American lawyer who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa. He previously served as a United States magistrate judge of the same court from 2021 to 2022.