Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, alternatively Andreas de Harcla, was an important English military leader in the borderlands with Scotland during the reign of Edward II. Coming from a knightly family in Westmorland, he was appointed sheriff of Cumberland in 1311. He distinguished himself in the Scottish Wars, and in 1315 repulsed a siege on Carlisle Castle by Robert the Bruce. Shortly after this, he was taken captive by the Scots, and only released after a substantial ransom had been paid. His greatest achievement came in 1322, when he defeated the rebellious baron Thomas of Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16–17 March. For this he was created Earl of Carlisle.
Henry of Ghent, also known as Henricus de Gandavo and Henricus Gandavensis, was a scholastic philosopher who acquired the nickname of Doctor Solemnis.
John Baconthorpe, OCarm was a learned English Carmelite friar and scholastic philosopher.
Francis of Meyronnes was a French scholastic philosopher. He was a distinguished pupil of Duns Scotus, whose teaching (Scotism) he usually followed.
Petrus Aureoli, often anglicized Peter Auriol, was a scholastic philosopher and theologian.
Garter Principal King of Arms is the senior king of arms and officer of arms of the College of Arms, the heraldic authority with jurisdiction over England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The position has existed since 1415.
John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond was considered one of the first gentlemen of the age in which he lived. He was an ambassador to the most important courts of Europe.
Henry (of) Harclay was an English medieval philosopher and university chancellor.
Guido Terrena, also known as Guido Terreni and Guy de Perpignan, was a Catalan Carmelite canon lawyer and scholastic philosopher.
Reginald le Chen or Cheyne was the Chamberlain of Scotland from 1267 to 1269. He was the Baron of Inverugie.
Henry Dudley was an English soldier and an elder brother of Queen Elizabeth I's favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Their father was John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who led the English government from 1550 to 1553 under Edward VI and unsuccessfully tried to establish Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King's death in July 1553. For his participation in this venture Henry Dudley was imprisoned in the Tower of London and condemned to death, but pardoned.
Landolfo Caracciolo was a Franciscan theologian, diplomat and prelate from the Kingdom of Naples.
During the Middle Ages, quodlibeta were public disputations in which scholars debated questions "about anything" posed by the audience. The practice originated in the theological faculty of the University of Paris around 1230. Classes were suspended just before Christmas and Easter holidays so that the masters could hold public sessions taking questions from the audience. After 1270, the practice spread beyond Paris, but elsewhere was usually associated with the studia (schools) of the mendicant orders. The first to introduce the quodlibeta to an institution outside of Paris was John of Peckham at Oxford University in 1272–1275. Records of quodlibeta survive on parchment from the 1230s to the 1330s, but thereafter written records are scarce. The practice, however, continued into the sixteenth century.
FrancescoCaracciolo was a Neapolitan nobleman, diplomat and theologian who was the chancellor of Notre-Dame and of the University of Paris from 1309 or 1310 until his death.
Prosper of Reggio Emilia was an Augustinian hermit and scholar.
John of Châtillon was a canon of the Order of Val des Écoliers and a regent master of theology at the University of Paris.
Bernard of Auvergne was a French Dominican theologian and philosopher who was the bishop-elect of Clermont from 1304 to 1307. He is known for his defence of Thomism.
Henry of Friemar the Elder, known as Henry the German, was an Augustinian theologian, preacher and mystic.