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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, styled Lord Ashley from 1811 to 1851, was a British Tory politician, philanthropist, and social reformer. He was the eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Anne Spencer, and elder brother of Henry Ashley, MP. A social reformer who was called the "Poor Man's Earl", he campaigned for better working conditions, reform to lunacy laws, education and the limitation of child labour. He was also an early supporter of the Zionist movement and the YMCA and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the Church of England.
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury PC, FRS, was an English statesman and peer. He held senior political office under both the Commonwealth of England and Charles II, serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1661 to 1672 and Lord Chancellor from 1672 to 1673. During the Exclusion Crisis, Shaftesbury headed the movement to bar the Catholic heir, James II, from the royal succession, which is often seen as the origin of the Whig party. He was also a patron of the political philosopher John Locke, with whom Shaftesbury collaborated with in writing the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina in 1669.
Earl of Shaftesbury is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1672 for Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Baron Ashley, a prominent politician in the Cabal then dominating the policies of King Charles II. He had already succeeded his father as second Baronet of Rockbourne in 1631 and been created Baron Ashley, of Wimborne St Giles in the County of Dorset, in 1661, and he was made Baron Cooper, of Paulett in the County of Somerset, at the same time he was given the earldom.
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury Bt, known as Lord Ashley from 1672 to 1683, was an English peer and Member of Parliament.
Reynold Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Ruthin was the son of Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn and Elizabeth de Hastings. He was summoned to Parliament from 1354 to 1388.
Cropley Ashley-Cooper, 6th Earl of Shaftesbury Bt, styled The Honourable Cropley Ashley-Cooper until 1811, was a British politician. He was the father of the social reformer Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury.
The Exclusion Bill Parliament was a Parliament of England during the reign of Charles II of England, named after the long saga of the Exclusion Bill. Summoned on 24 July 1679, but prorogued by the king so that it did not assemble until 21 October 1680, it was dissolved three months later on 18 January 1680/81.
Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford, 9th Lord Clifford, 5th Baron of Westmoreland, was the son of Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford, second son of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (1273–1314), the founder of the northern branch of the family. His mother was Isabella, daughter of Maurice, 2nd Lord Berkeley. He succeeded his elder brother, Robert de Clifford, 4th Baron de Clifford in 1350, on which day he made proof of his age.
William Whitaker was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1646.
Henry Whitaker was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1659 and 1679.
Sir John Dauntsey, of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, was an English soldier and politician.
Charles Vaughan, of Hergest, Herefordshire, was an English politician.
Roger Skinner of Bath, Somerset was an English politician and craftsman.
Richard Payn, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament.
Thomas Cammell, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament.
Thomas Seward, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament and merchant.
Hugh Croxhale, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament, mayor and cloth merchant.
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Robert Fovent, alias Osegood, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament.
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