Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

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The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Founded1505;519 years ago (1505)
FounderKing James IV
FocusSurgical education, training and standards
Coordinates 55°56′49″N3°11′01″W / 55.946813°N 3.183488°W / 55.946813; -3.183488
Website rcsed.ac.uk
Surgeons Hall Surgeons Hall - geograph.org.uk - 3508018.jpg
Surgeons Hall

The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) is a professional organisation of surgeons. The RCSEd has five faculties, covering a broad spectrum of surgical, dental, and other medical and healthcare specialities. Its main campus is located on Nicolson Street, Edinburgh, centred around the 18th century Surgeons' Hall. The campus includes Surgeons' Hall Museums, a medical and surgical library, a skills laboratory, a symposium hall, administrative offices and a hotel. A second UK office was opened in Birmingham in 2014 [1] and an international office opened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2018. [2]

Contents

It is one of the oldest surgical corporations in the world and traces its origins to 1505 when the Barber Surgeons of Edinburgh were formally incorporated by the then Edinburgh Town Council by the granting of a seal of cause or charter. [3]

RCSEd represents members and fellows across the UK and the world, spanning several disciplines, including surgery, dentistry, perioperative care, pre-hospital care, and remote, rural, and humanitarian healthcare. The majority of its UK members are based in England. Its membership includes those at all career stages from medical students to trainees, consultants, and those who have retired from practice. [4]

The council is the governing body of RCSEd and represents the professional interests of the college membership. As a charitable organisation, the members of the council are also trustees of the college. The council comprises five office-bearers, 15 elected members, one trainee member, and the Dean of the Faculty of Dental Surgery. [5]

History

In 1505, the Edinburgh Guild of Barbers and Surgeons was formally incorporated as a craft guild of the city, [6] and this recognition is embodied in the Seal of Cause (or Charter of Privileges), which was granted to the Barber Surgeons by the Town Council of Edinburgh on 1 July 1505. [7] [8]

The Seal of Cause conferred various privileges and imposed certain important duties, the most important of these being that that every surgical master should have full knowledge of anatomy and surgical procedures and that surgical apprentices should be literate (a very unusual stipulation at that time). At the end of an apprenticeship, that the apprentice's knowledge was to be tested, by examination, which remains a core function of the RCSEd to the present and is still relevant to surgical practice. [9] In 1722 the Barbers formally separated from the Surgeons' Incorporation by decree of the Court of Session to found the Society of Barbers of Edinburgh, which would exist until 1922. [10] [11] In 2005 RCSEd celebrated its quincentenary, having been in continuous existence for 500 years. [7]

The 1832 Playfair Building, RCSEd, Edinburgh Surgeons' Hall (2020).jpg
The 1832 Playfair Building, RCSEd, Edinburgh

Functions

RCSEd aims to maintain and improved standards of surgical and dental practice by holding courses and educational programmes, through training and examinations, and by providing continuous professional development for trained surgeons and dentists. Through liaison with external medical bodies it aims to influence healthcare policy across the UK. [4] RCSEd celebrated its quincentenary in 2005 with the opening of a new skills laboratory and conference venue, and the Ten Hill Place Hotel. In April 2014, the RCSEd opened a regional centre in Birmingham to cater for the 80% of its UK membership based in England and Wales [12] and in 2018 opened an international office in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [2]

Examinations

To be admitted as a member of the RCSEd (MRCS), trainee surgeons are required to sit and pass Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examinations, which are usually taken in the first or second years of surgical training. Since September 2008, the MRCS has become an intercollegiate examination, with a syllabus, format, and content common to all four surgical colleges in the British Isles (the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow). [13] To become a fellow of the college the member must have successfully completed a defined period of higher surgical training, which varies according to speciality and must also have submitted a portfolio of operations performed and witnessed. The fellowship examination is conducted jointly by the four Surgical Royal Colleges (Edinburgh, England, Glasgow & Ireland), administered by the Joint Committee on Intercollegiate Examinations. [14]

The college conducts a number of other examinations, including dental examinations and examinations in immediate medical care. [14]

Memorial to healthcare workers at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Memorial to healthcare workers at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.jpg
Memorial to healthcare workers at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Education

The RCSEd runs a large range of educational events and courses for professionals ranging from medical students interested in surgery, through to surgical trainees and consultant specialists. Many of these courses are held in the surgical skills laboratory in the Edinburgh campus but other are held around the UK and abroad. [4]

Common courses (as at 2024) include:

NOTSS aims to provide participants with an understanding and practical experience of the non-technical skills needed for safe patient care. These encompass cognitive and interpersonal skills which enhance individual and team performance in surgery. [16]

ESO is run in partnership with the University of Edinburgh. It consists of a series of postgraduate e-learning programmes for surgeons at various stages of their training. The programmes are based on the UK Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum and allow trainees to select modules relevant to their subspecialty. ESO supports learning for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) examinations. [17]

Faculties

There are 6 faculties within the RCSEd.

The Faculty of Dental Surgery

Dentistry has been an important part of the RCSed since 1505, though the speciality remained largely unregulated in Edinburgh until the middle of the 19th century. In 1879 the Diploma of Licentiate in Dental Surgery (LDS) was introduced and recognised for admission to the Dentist's Register. In 1921, the Dentists Act raised standards, and only dentists who had been trained in a dental school could be admitted to the Register and allowed to practise dentistry.[ [19] In 1948 the RCSEd introduced the diploma of Fellowship in Dental Surgery (FDSRCSEd) and in 1982, Dental Surgery became a distinct faculty within the College with a remit of education, training and maintenance of standards of professional competence and conduct.[ [20]

It is the largest of the College's faculties with almost 7,000 fellows and members worldwide and has its own council. The Dental Faculty's portfolio consists of a wide range of examinations and courses which have been held in 17 countries around the world. These include

The Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care

Pre-hospital care is a well-established branch of medicine, now practised by a broad range of practitioners including first aiders, paramedics, first responders, voluntary aid workers, nurses and doctors. It also includes individuals interested in pre-hospital care working for multi-agency teams such as police, fire and armed forces. [22]

The Faculty's aim is to set and maintain clinical standards for all practitioners in this evolving specialty. The Faculty runs the examinations for the Diploma of Immediate Medical Care, which covers pre-hospital care competencies. [23] This examination utilises the Sandpiper Bag designed and provided by Sandpiper Trust.[ [24]

The Faculty of Surgical Trainers

The Faculty of Surgical Trainers is open by election to anyone who takes an active interest or involvement in surgical training in the UK and internationally, regardless of college affiliation. The Faculty is the first of its kind in the UK and its purpose is to help support and develop surgeons in their role as surgical trainers. [25]

The Faculty of Dental Trainers

The Faculty of Dental Trainers was launched in 2016 by the Faculty of Dental Surgery. The purpose of the Faculty is to enhance patient care and safety by promoting the highest standards of training in dentistry and to support trainers in developing their roles. The Faculty is open to all dental members and fellows.[ [26]

The Faculty of Remote, Rural and Humanitarian Healthcare

The Faculty of Remote and Rural Healthcare was formally launched in November 2018. In 2020 it incorporated humanitarian into its structure becoming the Faculty of Remote, Rural and Humanitarian Healthcare. [27]

The faculty was established in response to the need identified within both industry and the public health arena to define, review and set standards of competence for organisations as well as medical and non-medical personnel delivering healthcare in remote and rural environments. [28] The faculty works with several partner organisations including: UK-MED, MediLink International, BASICS Scotland, the College of Remote and Offshore Medicine and the David Nott Foundation. [29] It awards Membership and Fellowship to eminent individuals in the field of rural and austere medicine.

The Faculty of Perioperative Care

The Faculty of Perioperative Care was established in 2016 in recognition of the evolving and increasingly important role that surgical care practitioners and surgical first assistants play as part of the wider surgical team in delivering safe surgical care to patients. Membership of the faculty is available to all perioperative practitioners such as surgical care practitioners; surgical first assistants and all those with similar titles involved in the delivery of high quality surgical care.[ [30]

Independent faculty

The Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine was launched in 2006 as an intercollegiate faculty of the RCSEd and Royal College of Physicians to develop and promote the medical specialty of Sport and Exercise Medicine. It later became an independent faculty, with its administration based in the RCSEd.The specialty is concerned with the diagnosis, management and prevention of medical conditions and injury in those who participate in physical activity. [31]

Publications

The Surgeon is an academic peer-reviewed journal published jointly by the RCSEd and the RCSI. It publishes clinical and scientific articles in the fields of surgery and dentistry, and related specialities such as healthcare management and education. [32]

Surgeons News is a quarterly magazine published by RCSEd for its membership. It contains comment, opinion, reviews and reports on subjects relevant to its members and fellows. [33]

Awards and medals

Surgeons' Hall Museums Surgeons' Hall Museums.jpg
Surgeons' Hall Museums

The RCSEd awards around £1 million of research grants each year, in addition to travelling grants to further career development. [34]

The medals awarded by the RCSEd include:

Surgeons Quarter

Surgeons Quarter (SQ) is the commercial arm of the RCSEd, which manages all commercial activities held within the RCSEd campus. Any surplus generated from its activities support the core aims of the RCSEd, education, training, assessment and research in surgery. SQ comprises six venues within the campus, the Playfair Building, the Quincentenary Conference Centre, the Symposium Hall, the Prince Philip Building, Ten Hill Place Hotel and Café 1505. [36]

Surgeons' Hall Museums

Surgeons' Hall Museum is open to the public and houses one of the largest collections of pathological artefacts in Britain. [37] The museums date from 1699 and underwent major upgrading in 2015.. [38] [39] Previous Conservators of the museums include the surgeons John Goodsir, Harry Goodsir, William Rutherford Sanders, James Bell Pettigrew, David Middleton Greig, and D. E. C. Mekie. Since 2001 the museum has been led by a trained museologist who is styled Director of Heritage, Directors have included Dawn Kemp, Chris Henry and Chanté St Clair Inglis. [40]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dentistry</span> Branch of medicine

Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition as well as the oral mucosa. Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint. The practitioner is called a dentist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General surgery</span> Medical specialty

General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on alimentary canal and abdominal contents including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland. General surgeons also deal with diseases involving the skin, breast, soft tissue, trauma, peripheral artery disease and hernias and perform endoscopic as such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy and laparoscopic procedures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dentist</span> Health care occupations caring for the mouth and teeth

A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal College of Surgeons of England</span> Professional body in England, United Kingdom

The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The college is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It publishes multiple medical journals including the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Faculty Dental Journal, and the Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I).

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the oral cavity (mouth), head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial cosmetic surgery/facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.

Prosthodontics, also known as dental prosthetics or prosthetic dentistry, is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental prostheses. It is one of 12 dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA), Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons. The ADA defines it as "the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes."

A number of professional degrees in dentistry are offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Birmingham Medical School</span> Medical school in Birmingham, England

The University of Birmingham Medical School is one of Britain's largest and oldest medical schools with over 400 medical, 70 pharmacy, 140 biomedical science and 130 nursing students graduating each year. It is based at the University of Birmingham in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Since 2008, the medical school is a constituent of The College of Medical and Dental Sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal College of Surgeons</span> College in England

The Royal College of Surgeons is an ancient college established in England to regulate the activity of surgeons. Derivative organisations survive in many present and former members of the Commonwealth. These organisations are now also responsible for training surgeons and setting their examinations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow</span> Institute in Glasgow City, Scotland, UK

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow is an institute of physicians and surgeons in Glasgow, Scotland.

Fellowship in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FDSRCS) is a Dental postgraduate professional qualification. It is bestowed by the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

The Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent UK professional body committed to enabling dental specialists to provide patients with the highest possible standards of practice and care. The faculty is an integral part of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and is located at the College's headquarters in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London.

The Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) (FGDP(UK)) was a UK professional body for general dental practitioners. It was established in 1992 as a faculty of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and was located in the College’s headquarters in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London. In July 2021, it transferred into the independent College of General Dentistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dental education throughout the world</span>

Dentistry throughout the world is practiced differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surgeons' Hall</span> HQ of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Surgeons' Hall in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the headquarters of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd). It houses the Surgeons' Hall Museum, and the library and archive of the RCSEd. The present Surgeons' Hall was designed by William Henry Playfair and completed in 1832, and is a category A listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Menzies Campbell</span> Scottish dental historian (1887–1974)

John Menzies Campbell FRSE FDS RCSEd, DDS was a Scottish dentist and dental historian who became a collector of dental books, paintings and dental instruments. At the time of his death he had amassed what was regarded as one of the largest collections of dental memorabilia in the world. He bequeathed his collection of pictures and instruments to the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) where it formed the Menzies Campbell Dental Museum, and is now known as the Menzies Campbell Collection. His books and dental advertisements were left to the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Nasmyth</span> Scottish dental surgeon

Robert Nasmyth FRCSEd, FRSE was a Scottish dental surgeon from Edinburgh who was Surgeon-Dentist to Queen Victoria in Scotland. He was President of the Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland and was one of the founders of the Edinburgh Dental Dispensary, which would evolve into the Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School.

Margaret Williamson Menzies Campbell FDS FRCSE was a Scottish surgeon and general practitioner, who is known for her work as an historian of women's medical education and practice and dentistry.

Guan Bee Ong OBE, PSM, DSc was a Hong Kong academic surgeon who was professor of surgery at the University of Hong Kong. Born in Raj of Sarawak, he acquired a reputation as a skilled and innovative surgeon in British Hong Kong, who encouraged original research among surgical trainees. Originally a general surgeon whose practice included cardiac and neurosurgery, under his leadership surgical specialities and subspecialties were developed in Hong Kong.

References

  1. ↑ amgparr (4 April 2014). "Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh opens in Birmingham". BrumDentists. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  2. 1 2 MAZRUL, AYESHA SHEIK (18 August 2023). "Prestigious surgical college celebrates its 2nd diploma ceremony in Malaysia". Sinar Daily. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  3. ↑ Dingwall, HM, Hamilton D, Macintyre IMC, McCrae M, Wright D. (2011), Scottish Medicine – An Illustrated History. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN   978-1-78027-018-0
  4. 1 2 3 "About Us". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  5. ↑ "The Laws of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh" (PDF). The Privvy Council. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  6. ↑ Womersley, Tara; Crawford, Dorothy (2010). Bodysnatchers to Lifesavers. Edinburgh: Luath Press Limited. p. 13. ISBN   978-1-910745-37-3.
  7. 1 2 Dingwall, H. M. (2005). "A famous and flourishing society" : the history of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1505–2005. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  8. ↑ "Incorporation of Surgeons". Edinburgh Trades. 23 January 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  9. ↑ Macintyre, Iain; MacLaren, Iain (2005). Surgeons' Lives. Edinburgh: Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. p. 16. ISBN   0-9503620-9-3.
  10. ↑ "Society of Barbers of Edinburgh Archive – Archives Hub". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk.
  11. ↑ "Society of Barbers". Edinburgh Trades. 23 January 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  12. ↑ amgparr (4 April 2014). "Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh opens in Birmingham". BrumDentists. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  13. ↑ sitecore\admin. "UK Trainees". JCST. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  14. 1 2 "JSCFE, Joint Surgical Colleges Fellowship Examination – Home". www.jscfe.co.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  15. ↑ "Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons". Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  16. ↑ "Non-technical skills literature". Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  17. 1 2 "Edinburgh Surgery Online". The University of Edinburgh. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  18. ↑ "Events & Courses". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  19. ↑ Geissler, Paul (2000). "A Short History of Dentistry in Edinburgh" (PDF). Surgeons Hall Museums. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  20. ↑ "Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh's Faculty of Dental Surgery celebrates 40 years". BDJ Team. 9 (9): 4–4. 1 October 2022. doi:10.1038/s41407-022-1658-4. ISSN   2054-7617.
  21. ↑ "Faculty of Dental Surgery | RCSEd". www.rcsed.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  22. ↑ Wilson, Mark H; Habig, Karel; Wright, Christopher; Hughes, Amy; Davies, Gareth; Imray, Chirstopher H E (2015). "Pre-hospital emergency medicine". The Lancet. 386 (10012): 2526–2534. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00985-x. ISSN   0140-6736.
  23. ↑ "Diploma in Immediate Medical Care – The Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care". fphc.rcsed.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  24. ↑ "Sandpiper Bag Holders – BASICS Scotland". basicsscotland.org.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  25. ↑ Ellis, Ricky; Brennan, Peter A; Phillips, Alexander W; O'Regan, David (2023). "The Surgical Trainer". Journal of Surgical Education. 80 (4): 492–494. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.01.006. PMC   9886439 .
  26. ↑ "Faculty of Dental Trainers: The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh". www.badn.org.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  27. ↑ "Faculty of Remote, Rural and Humanitarian Healthcare". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  28. ↑ highlandpictpilot (12 March 2024). "Fellow of the FRRHH RCSEd". Highland PICT. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  29. ↑ "Joining forces with the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh to deliver our HEST-UK course – David Nott Foundation" . Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  30. ↑ "About Us – The Faculty of Perioperative Care". fpc.rcsed.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  31. ↑ "FSEM – Our Specialty – FSEMFSEM". fsem1dev.wpengine.com. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  32. ↑ "The Surgeon; Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland". The Surgeon.
  33. ↑ "homepage". rcsed.shorthandstories.com. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  34. ↑ "RCSEd Press Release: £1m Grants Boost to Help Save Lives". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  35. ↑ "Awards and Medals". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  36. ↑ "About Surgeons Quarter | Surgeons Quarter Edinburgh". www.surgeonsquarter.com. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  37. ↑ "Home – Surgeons' Hall Museums, Edinburgh". museum.rcsed.ac.uk.
  38. ↑ "September 2015". The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  39. ↑ "History of the Museums". 1978.
  40. ↑ Macintyre, Iain (2015). Chamber of Curiosities; A Short History and Guide to Surgeons' Hall Museums. Edinburgh: Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. ISBN   978-0-9548900-3-2

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