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| Royal Court of Saudi Arabia | |
|---|---|
| Established | 1932 |
| Location | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
The Royal Court of Saudi Arabia acts as a liaison between the King of Saudi Arabia and government agencies, and is the King's chief executive office. [1]
The current Saudi judicial system was created by King Abdulaziz, who founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, and was introduced to the country in stages between 1927 and 1960. Courts at three levels were established in Hijaz by a royal decree in 1927 [2] i.e. Summary Courts, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts (both types are ordinary courts), and Judicial Control Body (Appellate Court). [3]
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2150000 km2, making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. The capital and largest city is Riyadh; the kingdom also hosts Islam's two holiest cities of Mecca and Medina.
The Saudi riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia. It is abbreviated as ر.سSAR, or SR (Saudi Arabian Riyal/Saudi Riyal). It is subdivided into 100 halalas. The currency is pegged to the US dollar at a constant rate of exchange.
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud is King of Saudi Arabia, reigning since 2015 and had previously served as Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2022. The 25th son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia, he assumed the throne on 23 January 2015. Prior to his accession, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 18 June 2012 to 23 January 2015. Salman is the third oldest living head of state, the oldest living monarch, and Saudi Arabia's first head of state born after the unification of Saudi Arabia. He has a reported personal wealth of at least $18 billion, which makes him the third wealthiest royal in the world and one of the wealthiest individuals in the world.
The Saudi Arabian Army, officially the Royal Saudi Land Forces, is the principle land warfare branch of the Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia. It is part of the Saudi Ministry of Defense, which is one of the two military departments of the government of Saudi Arabia, together with the Ministry of National Guard.
Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was a Saudi Arabian businessman and politician. A member of the House of Saud, he became a close ally of King Abdullah. In different periods Prince Nawwaf held significant government posts, including the director of Saudi intelligence agency.
Wadi Hanifa, historically known as Wadi al-Arad, is a wadi in the Najd region, Riyadh Province, in central Saudi Arabia. The valley runs for a length of 120 km (75 mi) from northwest to southeast, cutting through the city of Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. A string of towns and villages lie along the valley, including Uyaynah, Irqah and Diriyah. The historical city of Riyadh itself is on the northeastern side of the wadi, but the city has now expanded across Wadi Hanifa, with the sub-municipalities of Al-Shifa and Al-Urayja on its southwestern side.
Saudi Ports Authority (MAWANI) (Arabic: الهيئة العامة للموانئ) is a government agency that supervises the ports of Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1976 as an independent agency of the Prime Minister's office, to bring together the governance and operations of the multiple ports of the country to one office. Over time the actual operation of the ports was devolved by government contract to independent port operating companies.
According to the British government, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have long been close allies. Relations between the two countries date back to 1848, when Faisal bin Turki, ruler of the Second Saudi state, formally requested the support of the British Political Resident in Bushire for his representative in Trucial Oman.
Nesma Airlines is an Egyptian airline which operates scheduled international regional flights as well as regional flights within Saudi Arabia. It operates as a full-service carrier on international flights.
Bahrah is a town in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia. Bahra is located in the Tihama region down the valley between the towns of Fatima Jdhomkh. It is divided into several districts and population centers are. The town of Bahra is the old station for pilgrims, due to its location between Mecca and Jeddah, and also Bahra is the first town passes from the middle of a paved road in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which is the road between Mecca and Jeddah.
The legal system of Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia, Islamic law derived from the Quran and the Sunnah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The sources of Sharia also include Islamic scholarly consensus developed after Muhammad's death. Its interpretation by judges in Saudi Arabia is influenced by the medieval texts of the literalist Hanbali school of Fiqh. Uniquely in the Muslim world, Sharia has been adopted by Saudi Arabia in an uncodified form. This, and the lack of judicial precedent, has resulted in considerable uncertainty in the scope and content of the country's laws. The government therefore announced its intention to codify Sharia in 2010, and, in 2018, a sourcebook of legal principles and precedents was published by the Saudi government. Sharia has also been supplemented by regulations issued by royal decree covering modern issues such as intellectual property and corporate law. Nevertheless, Sharia remains the primary source of law, especially in areas such as criminal, family, commercial and contract law, and the Qur'an and the Sunnah are declared to be the country's constitution. In the areas of land and energy law the extensive proprietorial rights of the Saudi state constitute a significant feature.
The Ministry of Defense is a Ministry in Saudi Arabia that is responsible for the protection of national security, interests and sovereignty of the country from external threats as well as the working with all ministries of the state to achieve national security and stability. The current minister of defense is Prince Khalid bin Salman Al Saud, who was appointed on 27 September 2022. The Ministry includes the five service branches of the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces: The Royal Saudi Land Force, The Royal Saudi Air Force, The Royal Saudi Naval Force, The Royal Saudi Air Defense Force and the Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force.
The Ministry of Media is one of the governmental bodies of Saudi Arabia and part of the cabinet. The main function of the ministry is to regulate the media of Saudi Arabia and the communications between Saudi Arabia and other countries. It is headquartered in Riyadh.
The Saudi Council of Economic and Development Affairs is one of two subcabinets of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was established by King Salman to replace the Supreme Economic Council, and is led by the King Salman’s son and Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, who holds additional roles such as Defense minister.
Awwad S. Alawwad is a Saudi politician who has served as minister of culture and information of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since April 2017, and as the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Germany from October 2015 to April 2017. Alawwad is the former head of the Saudi Human Rights Commission appointed by royal decree with the rank of minister in August 2019. In September 2022, Alawwad has been relieved from his post as head of Human Rights Commission and has been appointed as advisor at the Saudi Royal Court.
Khalid bin Salman Al Saud is a Saudi Arabian diplomat, and politician who serves as the Saudi Arabian minister of defense. He was appointed defense minister on 27 September 2022. He is the tenth child and ninth son of King Salman and the younger brother of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (MHU) (Arabic: وزارة الحج والعمرة) is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia which is responsible for supervising the facilitation of essential services to the pilgrims arriving in the country for Hajj and Umrah purposes, including overseeing their secure transportation and movement to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
The Ministry of Commerce is a cabinet-level government ministry of Saudi Arabia responsible for both commerce and investment sectors in the kingdom. Its responsibilities include the development and implementation of policies and mechanisms that govern the sectors of commerce and Investment. The current minister is Majid bin Abdullah Al Qasabi who was appointed on 7 May 2016.
King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve is located in the north of Saudi Arabia. It is the largest reserve in the Kingdom, and the fourth largest wild reserve in the world with 130,700 square km area, within its borders are three protected areas, namely Al-Khanfa, Al-Tubaiq, and Hurra Al-Hurra. A royal decree was issued in June 2018 to include all of them under the King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve, headed by Prince Abdulaziz Bin Saud Bin Nayef Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
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