The National Copper Corporation of Chile, abbreviated as Codelco, is a Chilean state-owned copper mining company. It was formed in 1976 from foreign-owned copper companies that were nationalised in 1971.
Vale, formerly Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, is a Brazilian multinational corporation engaged in metals and mining and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil. Vale is the largest producer of iron ore and nickel in the world. It also produces manganese, ferroalloys, copper, bauxite, potash, kaolin, and cobalt; as of 2014 the company operated nine hydroelectricity plants, and a large network of railroads, ships, and ports used to transport its products.
Mining in Japan is minimal because Japan does not possess many on-shore mineral resources. Many of the on-shore minerals have already been mined to the point that it has become less expensive to import minerals. There are small deposits of coal, oil, iron and minerals in the Japanese archipelago. Japan is scarce in critical natural resources and has been heavily dependent on imported energy and raw materials. There are major deep sea mineral resources in the seabed of Japan. This is not mined yet due to technological obstacles for deep sea mining.
KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., commonly known as KGHM, is a Polish multinational mining corporation headquartered in Lubin, Lower Silesia, Poland. Founded in 1961 as a state enterprise, the company is considered a major global producer of copper and silver. Since 1997, it has been listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The company is also a component of the WIG30 stock market index.
Mining in Australia has long been a significant primary sector industry and contributor to the Australian economy by providing export income, royalty payments and employment. Historically, mining booms have also encouraged population growth via immigration to Australia, particularly the gold rushes of the 1850s. Many different ores, gems and minerals have been mined in the past and a wide variety are still mined throughout the country.
Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014. Mineral production contributes only 0.6 percent to the country's GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just four percent (2005). Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control.
Mining in New Zealand began when the Māori quarried rock such as argillite in times prior to European colonisation. Mining by Europeans began in the latter half of the 19th century.
Mining in the United Kingdom produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals due to its complex geology. In 2013, there were over 2,000 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom producing £34bn of minerals and employing 36,000 people.
The Telfer Mine is a gold, copper and silver mine located at Telfer on the land of the Martu people, in the Great Sandy Desert of Western Australia. It is owned by Newmont, having acquired the previous owner, Newcrest Mining, formerly the largest gold producer listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, in November 2023.
The Cavnic mine is a large mine located in the northwest of Romania in Maramureș County, 26 km southwest of Baia Mare and 576 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Cavnic represents one of the largest polymetallic reserves in Romania having significant reserves of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc amounting to 20 million tonnes of ore grading 1g/t gold, 30g/t silver, 2% lead, 3% zinc and 1% copper. The resources amount to 640,000 oz of gold, 19.2 million oz of silver, 400,000 tonnes of lead metal, 600,000 tonnes of zinc metal, and 200,000 tonnes of copper metal.
The Lubin mine is a large mine in the west of Poland in Lubin, Lubin County, 347 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Lubin represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 347 million tonnes of ore grading 1.26% copper and 58 g/tonnes silver. The annual ore production is around 7.3 million tonnes from which 92,000 tonnes of copper and 423 tonnes of silver are extracted.
The Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine is a large mine in the west of Poland near Polkowice and Sieroszowice, Polkowice County, 350 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Polkowice-Sieroszowice represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 387 million tonnes of ore grading 2.65% copper and 54 g/tonnes silver. In 2018, the mine produced over 196,000 tonnes of copper and over 428 tonnes of silver.
The Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy mine is a large mine in the west of Poland in Polkowice, Polkowice County, 350 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy represents one of the largest copper and silver reserves in Poland having estimated reserves of 292 million tonnes of ore grading 2.4% copper and 79 g/tonnes silver. The annual ore production is around 6 million tonnes from which 144,000 tonnes of copper and 474 tonnes of silver are extracted.
The Bytom Odrzański mine is a large mine in the west of Poland in Bytom Odrzański, Nowa Sól County, 360 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Bytom Odrzański represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 31.5 million tonnes of ore grading 2.47% copper and 56 g/tonnes silver. The annual ore production is around 0.7 million tonnes from which 17,300 tonnes of copper and 39.2 tonnes of silver are extracted.
The Retków mine is a large mine in the west of Poland in Retków, Polkowice County, 350 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Retków represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 135.8 million tonnes of ore grading 1.77% copper and 86 g/tonnes silver. The annual ore production is around 2 million tonnes from which 35,400 tonnes of copper and 172 tonnes of silver are extracted.
The Gaworzyce mine is a large mine in the west of Poland in Gaworzyce, Polkowice County, 370 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Gaworzyce represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 44.8 million tonnes of ore grading 3.05% copper and 44 g/tonnes silver. The annual ore production is around 1 million tonnes from which 30,500 tonnes of copper and 44 tonnes of silver are extracted.
The Myszków mine is a large mine in the centre of Poland in Myszków, Myszków County, 258 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Myszków represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 1,334 million tonnes of ore grading 0.15% copper and 2.37 g/tonnes silver. The 1.334 billion tonnes of ore contains 2 million tonnes of copper metal and around 3,200 tonnes of silver but the deposit also grades 0.07% molybdenum that contains 934,000 tonnes of molybdenum metal and 0.05% tungsten that contains 667,000 tonnes of tungsten metal.
Mining in North Korea is important to the country's economy. North Korea is naturally abundant in metals such as magnesite, zinc, tungsten, and iron; with magnesite resources of 6 billion tonnes, particularly in the North and South Hamgyong Provinces, as well as the Chagang Province. However, often these cannot be mined due to the acute shortage of electricity in the country, as well as the lack of proper tools to mine these materials and an antiquated industrial base. Coal, iron ore, limestone, and magnesite deposits are larger than other mineral commodities. Mining joint ventures have occurred with other countries include China, Canada, Egypt, and South Korea.
The Kupferschiefer or Kupfermergel, is an extensive and remarkable sedimentary unit in Central Europe. The relatively monotonous succession is typically 30 to 60 centimetres and maximum 2 metres (6.6 ft) thick, but extends over an area of 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi) across the Southern Permian Basin. The Kupferschiefer can be found in outcrop or in the subsurface straddling six countries, including parts of the southern North Sea. The lateral equivalent outcropping in England is called Marl Slate.
